tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-71036927249651588552024-03-19T05:53:04.576-04:00The Science of VolleyballReporting on the art and science of coaching volleyballWayne D. Hollyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07073384046641234541noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7103692724965158855.post-3908163486186013102020-05-07T12:12:00.001-04:002020-05-07T12:13:24.821-04:00Biannual Review of Beach Volleyball-Related Research - May 2020<b>Introduction</b><br />
<br />
As a service to coaching professionals this inaugural biannual review contains a compilation of the most recent scientific research related to the sport of beach volleyball. Our aim is to promote a research-based approach to teaching the game and to provide exposure for authors who are providing insights into how the game is taught, played and learned.<br />
<br />
The list is not exhaustive. Effective coaching requires a multi-disciplinary approach that advances well beyond sport in general and beach volleyball in particular. The sheer volume of relevant material being published prevents us from including it all in this space. While we've chosen primarily to include materials that are specific to beach volleyball, citations will occasionally lead readers to more general materials with potentially compelling applications to coaching sport and people.<br />
<br />
As a matter of policy full text is available only to open access materials or content readily available in the public domain. It is not our intention to undermine journals' paid subscription policies.<br />
<br />
<b>Content</b> <br />
<br />
<u><b>May</b></u><br />
<br />
<b>Title: Negative Performance Dependence in Beach Volleyball: Does Reception Failure Drive Further Reception Failure in Collegiate Beach Volleyball?</b><br />
<br />
Summary:<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> The purpose of this study was to assess whether players receiving serve in beach volleyball are more likely to pass out of system immediately following an out of system pass than following an in system pass and to identify whether and how experience and pressure variables influence performance following failure.</span><br />
<br />
Link: <a href="http://scienceofvolleyball.blogspot.com/2020/05/negative-performance-dependence-in.html" target="_blank">Full Text</a><br />
<br />
Data: May, 2020<br />
<br />
<b><u>April</u></b><br />
<br />
<b>Title: Changes in infraspinatus and lower trapezius activation in volleyball players following repetitive serves.</b><br />
<br />
<u></u> Summary: To examine changes in activation of the infraspinatus and lower trapezius following performance of repetitive jump-float serves.<br />
<br />
<u></u> Link: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7134349/" target="_blank">Full Text</a><br />
<br />
Publication: <i>International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy</i><br />
<br />
<u></u> Date: April, 2020<br />
<u></u><br />
<b>Title: Session RPE is a valuable internal load evaluation method in beach volleyball for both genders, elite and amateur players, conditioning and technical sessions, but limited for tactical training and games.</b><br />
<br />
Summary: This study aimed to verify the validity of session subjective ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) method to monitor the internal training load in beach volleyball players by considering sessions related to different genders, competition levels (elite or amateur), and types of session (conditioning, technical, or tactical/game).<br />
<br />
Link: <a href="https://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=343723" target="_blank">Abstract</a><br />
<br />
Publication: <i>Kinesiology</i><br />
<br />
Date: April, 2020<br />
<br />
<u><b>March </b></u><br />
<br />
<b>Title: Which are the nutritional supplements used by beach volleyball athletes? A cross-sectional study at the Italian national championships.</b><br />
<br />
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the quantity and the heterogeneity of the nutritional supplementation practices of amateur and professional beach volley athletes competing in the Italian National Championship.<br />
<br />
Link: <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/8/3/31" target="_blank">Abstract</a><br />
<br />
Publication: <i>Physical Performance in Team Sports</i> (Special Issue)<br />
<br />
Date: March, 2020<br />
<br />
<b>Title: Anthropometric profile and conditional factors of U21 Spanish elite beach volleyball players according to playing position.</b><br />
<br />
Summary: The aim of this work was to describe and study the relationship between anthropometric and conditional factors of under-21 high-performance beach volleyball players according to playing position.<br />
<br />
Link: <a href="https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/retos/article/view/76766" target="_blank">Abstract</a><br />
<br />
Publication: <i>Retos</i><br />
<br />
Date: March, 2020<br />
<br />
<b>Title: The effect of motivation on the resilience and anxiety of the athlete.</b><br />
<br />
Summary: This study analyzes the influence of motivation of the athlete on resilience, and the latter, on their levels of anxiety.<br />
<br />
Link: <a href="https://web.a.ebscohost.com/abstract?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=15770354&AN=142713944&h=ZLrEIh8na3LEueuC2k2KJtulePplABQ8%2baMdgjPwSS8eapvMVq0RTyszdOWIWE53%2buydPlK1xLailJfQCG0SZg%3d%3d&crl=c&resultNs=AdminWebAuth&resultLocal=ErrCrlNotAuth&crlhashurl=login.aspx%3fdirect%3dtrue%26profile%3dehost%26scope%3dsite%26authtype%3dcrawler%26jrnl%3d15770354%26AN%3d142713944" target="_blank">Abstract</a><br />
<br />
Publication: <i>Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte</i><br />
<br />
Date: March, 2020<br />
<br />
<b>Title: Do differences between the training load perceived by elite beach volleyball players and that planned by coaches affect nueromuscular function?</b><br />
<br />
Summary: This study aimed to verify the differences between the training load planned by coaches and that perceived by Beach Volleyball (BV) players and observe the effects on athletes’ neuromuscular function.<br />
<br />
Link: <a href="https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/retos/article/view/77625" target="_blank">Abstract</a><br />
<br />
Publication: <i>Retos</i><br />
<br />
Date: March, 2020<br />
<br />
<b>Title: The effects of ball impact position on shoulder muscle activation during spike in male volleyball players.</b><br />
<br />
Summary: The ball impact position during spiking in volleyball may influence the pattern of activation of shoulder girdle muscles and, therefore, could be a significant risk factor for shoulder injury.<br />
<br />
Link: <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666638320300086" target="_blank">Full Text</a> (open access)<br />
<br />
Publication: <i>Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery</i><br />
<br />
Date: March, 2020<br />
<br />
<u><b>February</b></u><br />
<br />
<b>Title: Visual and auditory information during decision making in sport.</b><br />
<br />
Summary: The authors investigated the effects of bimodal integration in a sport-specific task. Beach volleyball players were required to make a tactical decision, responding either verbally or via a motor response, after being presented with visual, auditory, or both kinds of stimuli in a beach volleyball scenario.<br />
<br />
Link: <a href="https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/jsep/42/1/article-p15.xml#d38898196e336" target="_blank">Abstract</a><br />
<br />
Publication: <i>Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology</i><br />
<br />
Date: February, 2020<br />
<br />
<b>Title: On discouraging environments in team contests: Evidence from top-level beach volleyball.</b><br />
<br />
Summary: This study empirically investigates the adverse effects of unbalanced competition and <br />
negative feedback in team contests in the field. Using a unique data set sourced from top-level beach volleyball.<br />
<br />
Link: <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/mde.3153" target="_blank">Full Text</a> (Wiley - Open Access)<br />
<br />
Publication: <i>Managerial and Decision Economics</i><br />
<br />
Date: February, 2020<br />
<br />
<b>Title: Specific periodization for the volleyball: The importance of the residual training effects.</b><br />
<br />
Summary: The objective of the review is to explain how to use the residual training effects during the elaboration of the the specific periodization for volleyball.<span style="font-family: serif; font-size: 13.3333px; left: 78.437px; top: 560.089px; transform: scalex(1.0204);"></span><br />
<br />
Link: <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nelson_Marques_Junior/publication/339340008_Specific_periodization_for_the_volleyball_the_importance_of_the_residual_training_effects/links/5e4c5eba458515072da88c58/Specific-periodization-for-the-volleyball-the-importance-of-the-residual-training-effects.pdf" target="_blank">Full Text</a> (open access)<br />
<br />
Publication: <i>MOJ Sports Medicine</i><br />
<br />
Date: February, 2020<br />
<br />
<b>Title: Performance indicators in young elite beach volleyball players.</b><br />
<br />
Summary: The aim of this study was to analyze tactical and technical behavior across different ages and genders in young, elite beach volleyball players.<br />
<br />
<u></u> Link: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7042612/" target="_blank">Abstract</a><br />
<br />
Publication: <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i><br />
<br />
<u></u> Date: February 2020<br />
<u></u><br />
<u><b>January</b></u><br />
<br />
<b>Title: Investigating cumulative effects of pre-performance routine interventions in beach volleyball serving.</b><br />
<br />
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the cumulative effectiveness of pre-performance routine interventions on the accuracy of beach volleyball serves.<br />
<br />
Link: <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0228012" target="_blank">Full Text</a> (open access) <br />
<br />
Publication: <i>Plos One</i> <br />
<br />
Date: January, 2020<br />
<br />
<b>Title: Offensive scoring in elite women's beach volleyball: An analysis of zone usage in the Olympic Games.</b><br />
<br />
Summary: The aim of this research was to identify the areas of the court used by the offense to score in women's beach volleyball. It is expected that knowledge of offensive zone usage can be useful to develop physical training, strategic, and tactical plans for beach volleyball teams competing at the elite level studied.<br />
<br />
Link: <a href="http://scienceofvolleyball.blogspot.com/2020/01/offensive-scoring-in-elite-womens-beach.html" target="_blank">Full Text</a><br />
<br />
Date: January, 2020<br />
<br />
<b>Title: Beach and indoor volleyball athletes present similar lower limb muscle activation during a countermovement jump.</b><br />
<br />
Summary: The study aimed to compare and correlate the power, height, eccentric and concentric force development rate of 3 sequential attempts of countermovement jump and the respective muscle response in beach and indoor volleyball athletes.<b> </b><br />
<br />
Link: <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fabio_Dal_Bello/publication/338823761_Beach_and_indoor_volleyball_athletes_present_similar_lower_limb_muscle_activation_during_a_countermovement_jump/links/5e2c5e71a6fdcc70a14bbd5e/Beach-and-indoor-volleyball-athletes-present-similar-lower-limb-muscle-activation-during-a-countermovement-jump.pdf" target="_blank">Full Text</a><br />
<br />
Publication: <i>Human Movement</i><br />
<br />
Date: January, 2020 <br />
<br />
<b>Title: <span style="background-color: white;">Comparative analysis of the technical-tactical elements of elite men's beach volleyball teams.</span></b><br />
<br />
Summary: The aim of the study was to perform a comparative analysis of the technical-tactical skills of elite male beach volleyball teams in the 2004 Athens Olympic Games.<br />
<br />
Link: <a href="http://ikee.lib.auth.gr/record/310896" target="_blank">Abstract</a><br />
<br />
Publication: <i>Sports Science</i><br />
<br />
Date: January, 2020<br />
<br />
<b>Title: Generalized model for scores in volleyball matches.</b><br />
<br />
Summary: The authors propose a Markovian model to calculate the winning probability of a set in a volleyball match<br />
<br />
Link: <a href="https://www.degruyter.com/view/journals/jqas/16/1/article-p41.xml" target="_blank">Abstract</a><br />
<br />
Publication: <i>Jounral of Quantitative Analysis in Sports</i><br />
<br />
Date: January, 2020<br />
<br />
<b>Title: A systematic review of volleyball spike kinematics: Implications for practice and research.</b><br />
<br />
Summary: This systematic review summarized and critically appraised the literature on the volleyball spike kinematics.<br />
<br />
Link: <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Leonardo_Oliveira4/publication/338552868_A_systematic_review_of_volleyball_spike_kinematics_Implications_for_practice_and_research/links/5e1f1441a6fdcca1f12c5eb4/A-systematic-review-of-volleyball-spike-kinematics-Implications-for-practice-and-research.pdf" target="_blank">Full Text</a><br />
<br />
Publication: <i>International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching</i><br />
<br />
Date: January. 2020<br />
<br />
<b>Title: Perception and action in sports. On the functionality of foveal and peripheral vision.</b><br />
<br />
Summary: The authors examine the roles of foveal and peripheral vision in optimally coupling perception and action in a variety of sports performances.<br />
<br />
Link: <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2019.00066/full?utm_source=S-TWT&utm_medium=SNET&utm_campaign=ECO_FSPOR_XXXXXXXX_auto-dlvrit" target="_blank">Full Text</a> (open access)<br />
<br />
Publication: <i>Frontiers in Sports and Active Living</i><br />
<br />
Date: January, 2020<br />
<br />
<b>Title: Do the eyes tell the truth? Mechanisms of peripheral vision usage and practical implications.</b><br />
<br />
Summary: In team sports, attention must be divided to multiple players in order to monitor their movements and to initiate the correct motor response at the right time. In a series of three experimental studies, this monitoring functionality has been investigated to propose ways for sport-specific investigations on peripheral vision<br />
<br />
Link: <a href="https://boris.unibe.ch/142345/" target="_blank">Abstract</a><br />
<br />
Publication: Bern Open Repository and Information System<br />
<br />
Date: January, 2020 Wayne D. Hollyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07073384046641234541noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7103692724965158855.post-25743738307739256392020-05-01T13:06:00.002-04:002020-05-14T15:55:48.163-04:00Negative Performance Dependence in Beach Volleyball: Does Reception Failure Drive Further Failure in Collegiate Beach Volleyball?<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Introduction</b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
For many years data scientists have studied performance
streaks in sports.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Research on the “hot
hand,” for example, has attempted to identify whether positive performance
streaks will drive further success on subsequent plays.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Is a basketball player on a scoring streak
more likely to make her next shot? <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Is a
baseball player more likely to get a hit after several hits in a row?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Is a volleyball attacker more likely to get a
kill after multiple successive kills than after multiple successive misses? <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Belief in the hot hand is common and the
nature of serial performances has been studied across a multitude of sports.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Research has found limited empirical
evidence for a hot hand phenomenon, however, leaving most data scientists to
conclude there is little continuity between successful prior and subsequent skilled
performances in sport.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
While hot hand research is abundant the implications of <i>negative</i>
serial performances are less well known.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Here we analyze not performance following <i>success</i> but rather performance
following <i>failure</i> -and specifically whether prior failure drives
subsequent failure in sports performance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This “cold hand” analysis has received minimal scholarly attention and
the analysis we undertake here is entirely novel.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
We consider the “cold hand” phenomenon in the context of
receiving serve in beach volleyball.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our
hypothesis is that serve receive players are more likely to pass out of system
immediately following an out of system pass than immediately following an in system
pass.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We anticipate that failure in
serve receive will predict further failure in serve receive by the same player
on the next opportunity when not interrupted by a timeout or a break between
sets.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
To gain further insight into how players perform we studied
players’ performances according to experience and pressure variables.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b>Experience</b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
To determine the influence of experience we analyzed the
data according to players’ graduate years.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We hypothesized that players’ experience would
be influential in predicting their likelihood of exhibiting negative
performance dependence habits.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We
expected the “cold hand” phenomenon (if we found one) to be greater among
freshmen than among seniors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In other
words, we expected the general likelihood (if we found one) of players to pass out
of system following an out of system pass would be magnified in freshmen and reduced
in seniors.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b>Pressure</b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
To examine the impact of pressure on performance we examined
serve receive data according to pressure variables associated with game
conditions. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We hypothesized that the
impact of prior performance failure would be situational but would be magnified
during times in the game when players perceived the greatest need to perform
well.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We predicted that players more
likely would pass out of system following a previous out of system attempt when
the performances occurred near the end of the game and particularly if the
player’s team was behind in the score.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Informed
by prior literature on the confluence of performance and pressure,<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a>
we anticipated that anxiety induced by (i) prior failure and (ii) situational
game conditions would impair performance and contribute to an increased
likelihood of continued out of system passing.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b>Experience and Pressure – Interaction Effect</b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Lastly, we explored the interaction effect of the experience
and pressure variables.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We hypothesized
that negative performance dependence would appear most predominantly when game
conditions required the players with the least collegiate experience to perform
under the most pressure.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b>Implications</b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
The novel analysis we undertake here has implications for
beach volleyball tactics and training.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Serving the player who most recently passed the ball out of system is a
common beach volleyball tactic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If
performance is dependent - out of system passing portends further out of system
passing - then serving the most recent underperformer could result in the optimal
strategy being utilized.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But if
performance is not dependent then continuing to serve the same player would have
to be justified by reference to some other strategic consideration than
reception efficacy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Data showing that
poor reception efficacy reduces the effectiveness of offensive scoring in beach
volleyball suggests that the decision of who to serve in this context has
important implications.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
For players and coaches our research could improve
understanding of the psychological processes at work when athletes in serve
receive perform following failure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Understanding post-failure performance can further the development of
training protocols and interventions designed to enhance failure recovery in athletes
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- a skill whose value is heightened in
beach volleyball where athlete substitutions are not permitted and performance
under pressure is necessary to success.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">METHODS AND PROCEDURE</b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The purpose of
this study was to assess whether players receiving serve in beach volleyball
are more likely to pass out of system immediately following an out of system
pass than following an in system pass and to identify whether and how experience
and pressure variables influence performance following failure.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Data
Characteristics</b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">We analyzed 55,125
reception attempts by 690 different college beach players during five
collegiate beach volleyball seasons from 2016-2020.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We observed a total of 783 matches and 1,766
sets, of which 1,558 were 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> sets in a match and
208 were deciding third sets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Players
whose performances were analyzed competed on 41 different NCAA beach volleyball
programs, 34 of which compete in NCAA D-I, 6 of which compete in NCAA D-II and
1 of which competes as a member of the NJCAA.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Data Compilation</b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Data were compiled
from official matches during the championship segment of the college beach
season.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Non-championship competition and
exhibition flights were excluded.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Season
by season data on observed reception attempts, numbers of matches and unique
players are displayed in Table 1.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
distribution of players by class year is displayed in Table 2.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Table
1. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Observed Reception Attempts, Matches
and Unique Players:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2016-2020</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifu5ZNzlB96AhBacbfd2kfeedCmMsTV7FGbUmOvhyphenhyphen7ppPh6ciRT6bABpZZ3o7d7-iTnWf3dqiBzpcvX2DlGgy6KTDyR7lVEbrhgyWwYNseg5RInUrsl3ETvsu7koWYRsEI-oGK_0VRs378/s1600/Table+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Table 1 - Observed Reception Attempts, Matches and Unique Players 2016-2020" border="0" data-original-height="153" data-original-width="330" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifu5ZNzlB96AhBacbfd2kfeedCmMsTV7FGbUmOvhyphenhyphen7ppPh6ciRT6bABpZZ3o7d7-iTnWf3dqiBzpcvX2DlGgy6KTDyR7lVEbrhgyWwYNseg5RInUrsl3ETvsu7koWYRsEI-oGK_0VRs378/s1600/Table+1.jpg" title="Negative Performance Dependence in Beach Volleyball: Does Reception Failure Drive Further Reception Failure in Collegiate Beach Volleyball?" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
^Number of unique
players is for the season indicated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Total number of unique players is 960.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The total number of players represented in the study is 1,125.
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Table
2. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Unique Player Distribution By Class
Year:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2016-2020.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSemSc9FB-fdAr-sWhERW65eB8SlZmS9VF1X9p9hsUieZ62uyxfUN2YBX9A5ocfHayis3eY5jUlOwQwAaCVnHHJCjv1jWyG7wKowOSHFokgZGoNofGDyIBxcNVE09FZ6OlDkG4ckA2gWcp/s1600/Table+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Table 2 - Unique Player Distribution by Class" border="0" data-original-height="213" data-original-width="628" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSemSc9FB-fdAr-sWhERW65eB8SlZmS9VF1X9p9hsUieZ62uyxfUN2YBX9A5ocfHayis3eY5jUlOwQwAaCVnHHJCjv1jWyG7wKowOSHFokgZGoNofGDyIBxcNVE09FZ6OlDkG4ckA2gWcp/s1600/Table+2.jpg" title="Negative Performance Dependence in Beach Volleyball: Does Reception Failure Drive Further Reception Failure in Collegiate Beach Volleyball?" /></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Plays from which
performance dependence could not be analyzed were excluded, including each
player’s first reception attempt in each set.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Receptions immediately following team, technical, media, medical and
officials’ timeouts were excluded, as were consecutive receptions separated by
an intervening service error, due to the passage of time between the attempts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We chose to include consecutive reception
attempts during intervening (i) side changes by teammates (players choosing to alternate
between one or the other sideline) and (ii) side switches by opponents (pairs
switching sides of the net as required by rule) due to the brief duration of
time involved in those routine movements.</span><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Data Coding</b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">From 55,125 observed
reception attempts we identified 17,439 “sequences” of receptions for analysis. A sequence was
defined as two consecutive serve receive attempts by the same player in the
same set without an intervening game break or opponent service error. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each sequence was marked for reception
efficacy according to nine possible outcomes:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>IS-IS, IS-OS, IS-A, OS-IS, OS-OS, OS-A, A-IS, A-OS, A-A.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[7]</span></span></span></a></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each reception and sequence was coded by (i)
the identity of the player, (ii) the player’s class year, (iii) reception efficacy
(IS, OS, Ace), (iv) score in the game, (v) whether the player’s team was
winning or behind, and (vi) phase of the game by side-change.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Reception Efficacy
and Failure</b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Characteristics of
“in system” (IS) and “out of system” (OS) receptions, and of reception errors
(A), were identified prior to the start of data collection.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Quality control measures were undertaken among
data collectors to ensure consistency and agreement in efficacy rating of the receptions.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pressure Variable</b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">We measured
pressure according to three variables – (i) closeness of the score, (ii)
whether the reception player’s team was ahead or behind, and (iii) phase in the
game.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We predicted that pressure was
greatest when conditions in the game amplified the athletes’ perceived
importance of performing best, i.e. when the score was close, which we defined
as a 3 or less point differential, when the receiving team was behind, or when
the game was nearly over, which we define as in the final side-change.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We assigned a cumulative point value to each
of these variables resulting in a total pressure scale ranging from 0 (lowest
pressure) to 3 (highest pressure).<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each reception attempt was assigned a
pressure score according to the scale.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Experience
Variable</b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Experience was inferred from the class standing
associated with each player.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Class standing
was obtained from the websites of the schools for which the players were
competing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For players competing in
multiple seasons class standing was updated and linked to each player’s then
current performance.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Uncontrolled
Variables</b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Variables implicit in beach volleyball and not controlled
for in this study include: (i) wind speed and direction, (ii) temperature,
(iii) wet or dry conditions, (iv) type, inflation and weight of the ball, (v)
position of the reception teams, (vi) characteristics of the serve (speed, type
and angle), (vii) characteristics of the server (handedness and location), and
(viii) overall reception efficiency of each individual player.<span style="color: red;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Service Reception
- Choice of Performance</b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
We chose to examine service reception because of its’ prominence
in the game.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The ability to receive
serve well in beach volleyball drives successful offenses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the same time serving strategies regularly
emphasize the need for repetitive passing performances.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A common serving strategy, for example, is to
“target” one player to receive the majority of the serves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The more the targeted player underperforms
the more serves she will receive both overall and consecutively.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Beach volleyball strategy thus places a
premium not just on repetitive serve receive excellence but also on failure
recovery – the ability psychologically to move on to the next play and perform
immediately after failing.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Receiving serve also provides a more controlled
environment for the study of performance dependence than many of the interactive
skills previously studied.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Siding out in
volleyball,<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a>
scoring in basketball,<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a>
winning rallies in tennis<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a>
and achieving hitting streaks in baseball,<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a>
for example, all have previously been studied in the literature.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All are associated with high levels of interaction
among competitors and changes to defensive strategies that mask whether
performance variations are attributable to dependence or other confounding
variables.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Service reception, on the
other hand, is a skill performed by a single player without the assistance of teammates
and independently of a defense.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It thus
represents a less dynamic and more appropriate environment for the study of
performance dependence than other skills.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b>RESULTS</b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Effect of Failure on Performance</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Out of System Reception</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Analysis of 17,439 series of receptions indicates that failure
in serve receive negatively influenced performance on the subsequent play by
increasing the likelihood that the next ball would be passed out of system.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our results are evidence that negative
performance exhibits dependence and are suggestive of a cold hand in beach
volleyball reception. </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
College beach volleyball players passed out of system 18.14%
more often following an out of system pass than following an in system pass - a
statistical disparity greater than expected by chance or by players’ base
passing rates.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We refer to this tendency
as the “Failure Effect” and will use the Failure Effect as our baseline to
assess the impact of experience and pressure on performance in subsequent
sections.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Table 3 shows that 65.84% (n= 6,684) receptions were out
of system after an out of system reception (OS-OS) while 47.70% (n=3,476) receptions
were out of system following an in system reception (IS-OS).</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Table 3.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Reception Efficiency Following Success and
Failure.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdAqly8GTuBiZg8Jb5PxnTAkXTNcQKo-AYhZ5gl3WQe8VdKHJJ1IALr0q6alyv5s9US3-v1lQHM1-lhQOXq4XxJ70xhXWlHF3SGx5sCeuy44OCYpyOC_4PQ5E3vfXuawo0_L2Knw8f0iFG/s1600/Table+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Reception Efficiency Following Success and Failure" border="0" data-original-height="77" data-original-width="461" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdAqly8GTuBiZg8Jb5PxnTAkXTNcQKo-AYhZ5gl3WQe8VdKHJJ1IALr0q6alyv5s9US3-v1lQHM1-lhQOXq4XxJ70xhXWlHF3SGx5sCeuy44OCYpyOC_4PQ5E3vfXuawo0_L2Knw8f0iFG/s1600/Table+3.jpg" title="Negative Performance Dependence in Beach Volleyball: Does Reception Failure Drive Further Reception Failure in Collegiate Beach Volleyball?" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Effect of Reception Error</b>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
The negative influence of aces on future performance was
even more significant than was the influence out of system passing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Players were 5.58% more likely to pass out of
system after getting aced (A-OS) than if they had previously passed out of
system without being aced (OS-OS).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When
compared to series in which players received the first ball in system, the
negative influence was even more significant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>When players were aced on the first reception attempt (a subset of out
of system passes), they were 22.95% more likely to pass the next ball out of
system.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Complete data is shown in Table
4.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Table 4.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Effect of Reception Error on Next Ball Reception
Efficiency.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFH3mFwIUYe1cTV0FiU78obOfVDPr3j1qs0BlOJ3EnrW_Weknx9x1ZhE1QegMn_0IsbrkODpDtMfoveALx9Z0P02g24innjNDp8mBJxAoMOrsjf5RCu2dh4WkOyqLkokhSFLe1vkt8c8_Z/s1600/Table+4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="95" data-original-width="334" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFH3mFwIUYe1cTV0FiU78obOfVDPr3j1qs0BlOJ3EnrW_Weknx9x1ZhE1QegMn_0IsbrkODpDtMfoveALx9Z0P02g24innjNDp8mBJxAoMOrsjf5RCu2dh4WkOyqLkokhSFLe1vkt8c8_Z/s1600/Table+4.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br />
<br />
<br />
The effect of reception errors on future performance has
tactical implications for serving. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The data
suggests a significant advantage to serving a player who was aced on the
previous play, but we repeatedly observed a less optimal approach.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our data show that in nearly 5 out of 10
serves following an ace the serving team missed the next serve (13.3%) or
served to a location from which the other passer received the ball (32.8%).</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b>Interpretation of Results</b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
While we found evidence for negative performance
dependence in reception overall this should not be interpreted to mean that
every player exhibited this habit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We
found evidence only for performance decrease following failure among players <i>on
average</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The extent to which any
individual player received serve independently from influence of her prior
attempt requires a distinct statistical analysis and is the subject of a
forthcoming paper on that topic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
terms of aggregating performances for purposes of analyzing the effect of
failure among performance streaks our approach is consistent with at least two
previous studies on negative performance dependence in sport.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[15]</span></span></span></span></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR4s8Pc-B5KIZ14DhtxywgHD1SNWbuL_lZzpqFr3Wh-GCJheW1jtPEkxCIXqpyGXKzDBLf_EwKqKyhVPvKuFUv0YT5Nl2Mm9lh0hTjGPP6ThAcd5pTeI862YqKVQJbUu7T5NmM50i2zMDU/s1600/Figure+A.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Figure A - Influence of Prior Reception on Likelihood of Out of System Passing" border="0" data-original-height="241" data-original-width="520" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR4s8Pc-B5KIZ14DhtxywgHD1SNWbuL_lZzpqFr3Wh-GCJheW1jtPEkxCIXqpyGXKzDBLf_EwKqKyhVPvKuFUv0YT5Nl2Mm9lh0hTjGPP6ThAcd5pTeI862YqKVQJbUu7T5NmM50i2zMDU/s1600/Figure+A.jpg" title="Negative Performance Dependence in Beach Volleyball: Does Reception Failure Drive Further Reception Failure in Collegiate Beach Volleyball?" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Figure A.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Influence of Prior Reception on Likelihood of
Out of System Passing.</span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b>Effect of Experience on Performance</b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">To determine the
impact of experience on negative performance dependence we analyzed serial
passing attempts according to players’ class standing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We hypothesized that experience would be
influential in predicting whether prior failure in reception would lead to
further reception failure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While we
found that freshmen most often exhibited negative performance dependence - a
result we predicted – juniors were least effected by prior failure – a result
we did not anticipate.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Freshmen players,
with the least experience, were the most adversely affected by prior reception failure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Freshmen passed 64.86% out of system
following an out of system pass compared to 46.86% out of system passing following
in system passing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Juniors exhibited the
least negative performance dependence with 64.16% OS-OS reception compared to 49.19
% IS-OS reception.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Complete data for all
players across class standings is displayed in Table 5.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Table
5.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Reception Efficacy Following Success
and Failure by Experience.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZzcBZJiFPVAlAHutQ7cCZ7ij5j_6AwQKDs-00ukHA4gT3uvhXkfZtRxjjtESTTzvSBu_qka1i6fnu-M3KyvEye98eEyilFvRbNNxusL8IF4WyTdWWiecJEck1_AhIV7INsIZU9xlGV1Va/s1600/Table+5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Table 5 - Reception Efficiency Following Success and Failure by Experience" border="0" data-original-height="177" data-original-width="520" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZzcBZJiFPVAlAHutQ7cCZ7ij5j_6AwQKDs-00ukHA4gT3uvhXkfZtRxjjtESTTzvSBu_qka1i6fnu-M3KyvEye98eEyilFvRbNNxusL8IF4WyTdWWiecJEck1_AhIV7INsIZU9xlGV1Va/s1600/Table+5.jpg" title="Negative Performance Dependence in Beach Volleyball: Does Reception Failure Drive Further Reception Failure in Collegiate Beach Volleyball?" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkhgUsvUk9cJRxtMq40wu9CmNojWnY1TvHOGbVKD70HY83jPYW6MhEcoHIx1yf1fHquHE1Pi3qT0p-vEZWaBglG3hxcCjG7nX6pqUaNpWUNnqPBrBDFazcuo7pQRny3ivXcIImhyphenhyphenkhrehi/s1600/Figure+B.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Figure B - Reception Efficacy FOllowing Success and Failure of Previous Attempts by Experience" border="0" data-original-height="307" data-original-width="580" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkhgUsvUk9cJRxtMq40wu9CmNojWnY1TvHOGbVKD70HY83jPYW6MhEcoHIx1yf1fHquHE1Pi3qT0p-vEZWaBglG3hxcCjG7nX6pqUaNpWUNnqPBrBDFazcuo7pQRny3ivXcIImhyphenhyphenkhrehi/s1600/Figure+B.jpg" title="Negative Performance Dependence in Beach Volleyball: Does Reception Failure Drive Further Reception Failure in Collegiate Beach Volleyball?" /></a><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-no-proof: yes;">Figure B.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Reception Efficacy Following Success and Failure of Previous Attempt by Experience.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Effect of Pressure
on Performance</b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">To gauge the
impact of pressure on performance serial passing attempts were analyzed according
to several pressure variables related to game conditions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In doing so we were informed by a rich body
of research on the effect of anxiety on athletic performance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>For many athletes competition
magnifies the importance of performing well and creates varying levels of
anxiety that paradoxically impairs the ability to perform at a time when
players want most to succeed.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[16]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We thus anticipated that pressure would
magnify the extent to which beach volleyball players exhibit negative
performance dependence in serve reception.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We further anticipated that the influence of pressure would fluctuate
throughout competition but would be most impactful when athletes perceived the
greatest need to perform well.<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Pressure was
measured according to three variables – (A) closeness of the score, (B) whether
the passer’s team was ahead or behind, and (C) phase in the game.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each pressure variable was assigned a value
of +1 point on a cumulative scale and each reception attempt in a series was
assigned a pressure score from 0 (lowest pressure) to +3 (highest pressure) according
to the game conditions at the time of the attempt.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pressure
is characterized as “Low Pressure” (Score of +1), “Moderate Pressure” (score of
+2) and “Highest Pressure” (score of +3).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span>Data were analyzed for the main and interaction effects of each
pressure condition on reception following failure.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Overall, college beach players exhibited heightened negative
performance dependence under pressure and that effect was magnified as pressure
increased situationally.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Complete data are
shown in Tables 6 and 7.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b>Pressure
– Main Effects</b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<i>Low
Pressure</i>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
As expected, pressure had a significant effect on reception
following out of system passing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The average
effect of a Low Pressure condition was to increase the Failure Effect from
18.14% to 28.07%.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Across all three
pressure variables, playing from behind had the largest negative impact on
performance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Players receiving serve
while behind in the score were 31.35% more likely to pass out of system
following an out of system pass compared to in system pass.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Pressure attributed to the impending end of the game had
the second largest impact on reception following failure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the final side-change, players experienced
a 26.32% greater likelihood of repeating out of system passing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Receiving serve while the score was close had the least
effect on player performance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When the difference
in score was 3 points or less players were 25.58% more likely to follow an out
of system pass with a second out of system pass.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2HZOYhWKuZoWPmzrYCZKmyA5VdOBT4PuefF14V2aNbDdikd29GOh6P0hvWkmh78fFwWNz17BizHIvEEPgTNtp1wQIN66k7f3qWbCecKhi6KhUwNzTcIAc_MGQd-sy8L5Y0aDtSJ0uFxKX/s1600/Figure+C.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Figure C - Effect of Low Pressure on Reception Performance" border="0" data-original-height="307" data-original-width="587" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2HZOYhWKuZoWPmzrYCZKmyA5VdOBT4PuefF14V2aNbDdikd29GOh6P0hvWkmh78fFwWNz17BizHIvEEPgTNtp1wQIN66k7f3qWbCecKhi6KhUwNzTcIAc_MGQd-sy8L5Y0aDtSJ0uFxKX/s1600/Figure+C.jpg" title="Negative Performance Dependence in Beach Volleyball: Does Reception Failure Drive Further Reception Failure in Collegiate Beach Volleyball?" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Figure C.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Likelihood of out of system reception
following out of system reception (OS-OS) compared to </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">out of system reception
following in system reception (IS-OS) under various Low Pressure conditions</span>.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Our findings could be interpreted to suggest that anxiety
most impairs performance following failure when players are behind in the game.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A possible explanation for this could be that
playing from behind is uniquely anxiety producing in a way that the other
pressure conditions - a close game and the end of the game - are not (necessarily),
such as when the score is tied early (e.g., 2-2) or the receiving team is
winning by a large margin late (e.g., 19-10).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In other words, players might always feel pressure when they are behind
but not necessarily feel pressure in a close game or late in the game.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Table 6.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Main Effects of Pressure Variables on
Post-Failure Reception (PFR) – Low Pressure.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi818VfMxRO9l4jZ3BYKpHAvNXxe_KVK8YyJr-2HqZMqQrfA8vqCktCXxe7D070b7WCnXAtnMHhYl97Ay73YJTRlVanXDAUKrK1zyQNl2xe9eMkJg4Ljxtyq8XNVMiHvzx42Zj2Je-UNdkD/s1600/Table+6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Table 6 - Main Effects of Pressure Variables on Post-Failure Reception - Low Pressure" border="0" data-original-height="131" data-original-width="638" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi818VfMxRO9l4jZ3BYKpHAvNXxe_KVK8YyJr-2HqZMqQrfA8vqCktCXxe7D070b7WCnXAtnMHhYl97Ay73YJTRlVanXDAUKrK1zyQNl2xe9eMkJg4Ljxtyq8XNVMiHvzx42Zj2Je-UNdkD/s1600/Table+6.jpg" title="Negative Performance Dependence in Beach Volleyball: Does Reception Failure Drive Further Reception Failure in Collegiate Beach Volleyball?" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b>Pressure – Interaction Effects</b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><i>Moderate Pressure</i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
The interaction effects of Moderate Pressure were even
more significant than the Low Pressure conditions. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moderate Pressure refers to game conditions
during which two pressure variables existed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Moderate Pressure, resulting from the interaction of multiple pressure
conditions, increased the incidence of back-to-back reception failure by an
average of 20.59%.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Complete data is
displayed in Table 7.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Among Moderate Pressure conditions, (B) playing from behind
(C) near the end of the game had the largest negative impact on performance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Players receiving serve while behind in the
score near the end of the game were 41.28% more likely to follow an out of
system pass with a second out of system pass.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Pressure attributed to game conditions of (B) playing
from behind (A) while the score was close had the second largest impact on
reception following failure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When the
score differential was 3 points or less with the receiving team behind, players
experienced a 37.51% greater incidence of repeating out of system passing.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Receiving serve (A) with the score close (C) during the
last seven points of the game had the least negative effect on
performance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Players receiving serve
under these game conditions showed a 36.59% increased incidence of passing out
of system after doing so on the previous play.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Table 7.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Interaction Effects of Pressure Variables on
Serial Reception Attempts – Moderate Pressure.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBd-8kRKwDDxSM_OCxzPUWYR5j-rvjueriNztC5FAlxh4eIhTQaVVT0Q_pHKptk7mrIgyWsDRE6hoN1MZETWy7ik1YUoUfudq1KbmqjMytFA31yY3YFUvRbaYBqOqRx62S8tEI_RGjHrf0/s1600/Table+7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Table 7 - Interaction Effects of Pressure Variables on Serial Reception Attempts - Moderate Pressure" border="0" data-original-height="120" data-original-width="635" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBd-8kRKwDDxSM_OCxzPUWYR5j-rvjueriNztC5FAlxh4eIhTQaVVT0Q_pHKptk7mrIgyWsDRE6hoN1MZETWy7ik1YUoUfudq1KbmqjMytFA31yY3YFUvRbaYBqOqRx62S8tEI_RGjHrf0/s1600/Table+7.jpg" title="Negative Performance Dependence in Beach Volleyball: Does Reception Failure Drive Further Reception Failure in Collegiate Beach Volleyball?" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>Highest
Pressure</i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
The three-way interaction effect of (B) being behind by (A)
a close score (C) late in the game created the Highest Pressure condition and
predictably impaired reception performance the most.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Under the Highest Pressure there was a 29.60%
increase (to 47.74%) in the rate of out of system passing following reception
failure on the previous play.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Given the
number of co-incident variables, the Highest Pressure condition was relatively
rare in the game and represented only 5.63% (n=982) of the observed reception
series. </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
There was a 47.74% greater likelihood that one out of
system pass will be followed by another at the highest level of pressure
compared to 38.73% under Moderate Pressure and 28.07% under Low Pressure conditions
(average of 3 Low Pressure variables).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The influence of pressure on reception performance is evident in the
increasing difference between post-failure and post-success plays across
increasing pressure conditions.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi25arXOGEibmL9ZqMtzN4tuhZht_i9NehzlYzvqN8WodozpMqXonehbx6FCAVYnoGo9Q4rM1250bpLzKKwcAnruW8OuISgF1j6xkfChIQutHtiZ_WPDPpPKiRVeGyWYMR-kC_h8NOAK4dU/s1600/Figure+E.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Figure D - Interaction Effects of Pressure and Experience on Post-Failure Reception Performance" border="0" data-original-height="315" data-original-width="594" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi25arXOGEibmL9ZqMtzN4tuhZht_i9NehzlYzvqN8WodozpMqXonehbx6FCAVYnoGo9Q4rM1250bpLzKKwcAnruW8OuISgF1j6xkfChIQutHtiZ_WPDPpPKiRVeGyWYMR-kC_h8NOAK4dU/s1600/Figure+E.jpg" title="Negative Performance Dependence in Beach Volleyball: Does Reception Failure Drive Further Reception Failure in Collegiate Beach Volleyball?" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Figure D.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Likelihood of out of system reception
following out of system reception (OS-OS) compared to </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">out of system reception
following in system reception (IS-OS) under Moderate and Highest Pressure
Conditions</span>.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Interaction of
Pressure and Experience</b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">We next analyzed
the data to determine whether pressure’s impact on performance would vary with
the experience of the players.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We
predicted that the Highest Pressure would most adversely impact performance by the
least experienced players.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In particular,
we expected that if performance exhibited dependence then failure in serve
receive would predict further failure on the next play and that trend would be
influenced both by the experience of the players and the level (or type) of
pressure in the game.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>Overall</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The data indicate
that players at every level of experience showed a performance detriment under
pressure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From freshmen to graduate
students, pressure nearly doubled the incidence of out of system passing
following failure (OS-OS) compared to out of system passing following success
(IS-OS).<span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Table 8 reveals the average effect of all
pressure conditions on performance across each level of experience.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Table
8.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Average Effect of Pressure Conditions
by Experience.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidri-jOS_7aXr2Yff5-YDWIRplhNhinj8QY7TUb7cgval_LwHNw-Hzpk-9tnRV1w9Q3vBskc5KIO5sns4qev5WE7YOGMpYMcI92jrLoDngEm03Y-GkfAMA9qZr5dcUFDsM9svkr3-ZHSQ5/s1600/Table+8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Table 8 - Average Effect of Pressure Conditions by Experience" border="0" data-original-height="190" data-original-width="636" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidri-jOS_7aXr2Yff5-YDWIRplhNhinj8QY7TUb7cgval_LwHNw-Hzpk-9tnRV1w9Q3vBskc5KIO5sns4qev5WE7YOGMpYMcI92jrLoDngEm03Y-GkfAMA9qZr5dcUFDsM9svkr3-ZHSQ5/s640/Table+8.jpg" title="Negative Performance Dependence in Beach Volleyball: Does Reception Failure Drive Further Reception Failure in Collegiate Beach Volleyball?" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Freshmen and sophomores
were most impacted by pressure in the aggregate, experiencing an average 18.60%
and 17.12% increase in post-failure out of system passing, respectively. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Freshmen under pressure were 38.68% more
likely to pass out of system following an out of system pass than following an
in system pass while sophomores were 36.69% more likely to do so.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Juniors were
least impacted by pressure overall, experiencing 29.07% more out of system reception
following failure than following success<span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 191;">.</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Seniors
and graduate students were moderately impacted by pressure overall, with data
indicating seniors were slightly less affected than graduate students.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Under pressure, seniors were 32.05% and
graduate students were 34.43% more likely to pass out of system following
failure than following success. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsgC4YlPnNmTLSN50ZJMFjs8GVYd_udWux7Ph9xl7faSiV4lpr9oYa2-sMNPXw87TIT8hKhMYW7l7sAfGxoQshsix5Js_LN88Nfnc_TT7Pq5w0jf2ichWT69LemxIyNPOKcJOmsgJQg6rV/s1600/Figure+E.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Figure E - Interaction Effect of Pressure and Experience on Post-Failure Reception Performance" border="0" data-original-height="315" data-original-width="594" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsgC4YlPnNmTLSN50ZJMFjs8GVYd_udWux7Ph9xl7faSiV4lpr9oYa2-sMNPXw87TIT8hKhMYW7l7sAfGxoQshsix5Js_LN88Nfnc_TT7Pq5w0jf2ichWT69LemxIyNPOKcJOmsgJQg6rV/s1600/Figure+E.jpg" title="Negative Performance Dependence in Beach Volleyball: Does Reception Failure Drive Further Reception Failure in Collegiate Beach Volleyball?" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Figure
E. Interaction Effect of Pressure and Experience on Post-Failure Reception
Performance.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Impact of Pressure
By Experience Level</b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">While pressure
degraded performance regardless of the experience of the players (at no level
of experience were players immune from pressure) <i>the extent to which</i>
performance declined did vary by experience and pressure level, with some
classes showing a greater vulnerability to certain types of pressure than
others.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Table 9 reveals
the most and least impactful pressure conditions for each experience level.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not surprisingly, the largest effects were interaction
effects.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The simultaneous co-incidence of
all three pressure variables – behind (B) by a close score (A) late in the game
(C) - is excluded because Highest Pressure uniformly had the largest negative
impact on player reception performance across all experiences levels and
occurred infrequently in competition – just 5.63% of all plays (n=982).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Table
9.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Largest and Smallest Effects of
Pressure Variables by Experience of Player.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp8xjoV3h9d32IHwzKO2oFQE6q1NYQEEvsyMkYIegA4nAROTuEUisKfmTv_sYkp2IVSUCqf4puLg7UekmxY2o4ErS0s7cp7Z8PNCJhT9LjP11INTk-9mroLADsGswH46EMtHX53DtxYP96/s1600/Table+9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Table 9 - Largest and Smallest Effects of Pressure Variables by Experience of Player" border="0" data-original-height="207" data-original-width="630" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp8xjoV3h9d32IHwzKO2oFQE6q1NYQEEvsyMkYIegA4nAROTuEUisKfmTv_sYkp2IVSUCqf4puLg7UekmxY2o4ErS0s7cp7Z8PNCJhT9LjP11INTk-9mroLADsGswH46EMtHX53DtxYP96/s1600/Table+9.jpg" title="Negative Performance Dependence in Beach Volleyball: Does Reception Failure Drive Further Reception Failure in Collegiate Beach Volleyball?" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br />
<i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Graduate Students</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Graduate students
were the third most affected by pressure overall, outperforming only freshmen
and sophomores, a trend perhaps owing to graduate students’ general lack of
experience in beach volleyball and specific lack of experience in reception. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Graduate students were most likely to repeat
out of system passing when they were behind in a close game (A-B) and least affected
by pressure late in the game (C).</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Seniors</span></i>
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Seniors, like
graduate students, were most affected by pressure when behind in a close game
(A-B) and least affected by pressure late in the game (C).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Seniors outperformed graduate students,
however, in being less affected by pressure overall. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Juniors</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Juniors showed
the greatest resistance to pressure overall compared to both the more
experienced and less experienced counterparts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Juniors also outperformed their peers in reception efficacy following
failure in the Low, Moderate and Highest Pressure conditions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In line with seniors and graduate students,
juniors were most affected in reception following failure when behind in a
close game and least affected late in the game.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>Sophomores</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Sophomores showed
the second most vulnerability to pressure ahead only of freshmen, suggesting
that inexperience in college beach volleyball exposes players to greater
performance detriments under pressure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Sophomores were most negatively affected by pressure while behind near
the end of the game and were least affected when the score was close.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Freshmen</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Freshmen were
more negatively affected than their peers in the Low, Moderate and Highest
Pressure Conditions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The data show
uniformly that freshmen performance in reception following failure degraded
significantly under each pressure condition, lending support to our hypothesis
that inexperience would magnify the pressure effect on negative performance
dependence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Across pressure conditions,
freshmen showed the least performance decrement when the score was close and in
this respect resembled their sophomore peers.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Synthesis</b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Results show that
being behind in the score was the one constant among pressure conditions that
most adversely impacted performance across all experience levels.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The results suggest a strategy, when ahead in
the score, repetitively to serve the player who previously passed out of
system, but our data show that nearly a quarter of the time (24.10%) that did
not happen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The extent to which this
phenomenon was due to serving skill or tactics is unknown.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Informed by literature on the interacting
influences of fear, failure, anxiety and performance,<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[17]</span></span></span></span></a> our
results may be informative in developing optimal serving strategies for
situational advantage in beach volleyball.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The data also
indicate a robust relationship between players’ experience and their
performance under pressure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Players with
the least experience (freshman and sophomores) exhibited the most significant
performance impairments under pressure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Players with the most beach volleyball experience (seniors and juniors)
were least affected by pressure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
correlation is not entirely causal, however, as juniors outperformed seniors in
pressure performance, a confounding result we did not expect. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">DISCUSSION</b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The purpose of
this study was to determine whether performance exhibits negative dependence in
beach volleyball reception and whether experience and pressure magnify or
inhibit the trend.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Negative performance
trends have previously been identified in professional football<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[18]</span></span></span></span></a> and
golf.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[19]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The current study provides the first
indication that reception performance could exhibit negative dependence in
collegiate beach volleyball.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Our findings are tentative and novel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We found evidence overall that failure in one
play negatively influences performance on the next play in beach volleyball reception.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Experience in the sport tended to mitigate
that effect and inexperience tended to magnify it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Experience alone, however, could not be
identified as a cause, as juniors outperformed all other classes in performing
best following failure – although they too were adversely impacted by their
previous performance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whether the larger
performance decline of less experienced athletes can be attributed to greater
declines in confidence or self-efficacy, or whether the result is function of
motoric experiences,<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[20]</span></span></span></span></a>
is a question for future research.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Pressure from game conditions magnified the effect of
prior performance failure as all players across experience levels suffered a
performance decrement under pressure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>While pressure differently impacted players by experience, all groups
shared a common characteristic of performing worst while behind in the game.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pressure tended to impact inexperienced
players most when they were behind near the end of the game.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>More experienced players tended to be most affected
while behind when the score was close.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Our methodology examined short series of two consecutive
reception attempts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This approach
increased statistical power through a larger sample size than analysis of
longer series would have produced.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On
the other hand, our approach precluded us from discovering the extent to which
the prior failure negatively reverberated beyond the next play.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
In line with prior research we aggregated our data from
all player performances – again in order to increase statistical power.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We found evidence for a “cold hand,” i.e.,
that prior failure negatively impacts performance on the next play.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We suspect, however, that the phenomenon is
not individually ubiquitous.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Individual
players’ performances over time will best predict how they uniquely respond to
performance failure and will be the best evidence of how data can be used in
match preparation, for example.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our
study is just a starting point for analysis of the question.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We think the future of research is in individual
predictive analysis based on individual performance habits.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Coaches then can utilize those results as an
adjunct to advanced scouting closer to match day and compare the results
obtained from each source for disagreement or congruence.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
The present study could be read to suggest that college
beach volleyball players are susceptible to failure resulting from their own prior
negative performances – particularly under pressure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The finding would not be unique.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Research has shown that negative plays more
than positive plays strongly influence players’ subsequent performance in the
PGA and NFL. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The amateur status of
collegiate beach players, and the inability to substitute players, points to a
need for the development and use of mental skills interventions designed to
prepare athletes to perform in these circumstances and modulate the negative
effects of prior performance failure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Currently,
timeouts and game breaks provide players with a momentary opportunity to
mentally re-set after failure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But they
are short-term band-aids for a sports performance problem in need of a lasting
solution.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b>CONCLUSION</b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
This study represents a novel foray into the complex
nature of serial dependency of performance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Whether, and the extent to which, plays in beach volleyball are
dependent on previous performances remains an issue ripe for further
study.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In particular, the psychological
mechanisms through which performance failure appears to portend further failure
and become magnified under pressure should next be studied at the individual
player level.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Results could advance our
understanding of post-failure performance and inform the development of
training protocols useful to athletes in failure recovery.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For athletes and coaches, the data can also
be a useful guide to optimal tactics in competition and predictive in exposing
opponent’s weakness.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b>Acknowledgments</b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
The contributions of Shane Spellman and Ali Wood
Lamberson, who reviewed and improved an earlier draft of this paper, are
gratefully acknowledged.<br />
<br />
<b>Access and Use</b><br />
<br />
A version of this paper is available for download in portable document format (PDF) <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Yi0iSYL0u3fzajNHXonBHuy7bjR-SriN/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">here</a>. No fee may be charged for access or use of this document or the information contained therein. The original copyright notice must remain on any downloaded and/or printed version. </div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a> A
“hot hand” in statistical terms refers to serial correlation in positive
performance results beyond what can be explained by an athlete’s skill or by
chance alone.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>
Gilovich, T., Vallone, R. & Tversky, A. (1985).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The hot hand in basketball:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the misperception of random sequences, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cognitive Psychology</i>, 17(3), 295-314
(basketball).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Otting, M., Langrock,
R.,& Deutscher, C., (2020).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The hot
hand in professional darts<i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Journal of
the Royal Statistical Society. Society A</i>, 183 (2), 565-580 (darts);
Morgulev, E., Azar, O.H., & Bar-Eli, M. (2020). Searching for momentum in
NBA triplets of free throws.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>Journal
of Sports Sciences</i>, 38, 390-398<span style="color: red;"> </span>(NBA
basketball); Raab, M., Gula, B. & Gigerenzer, G. (2012).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The hot hand exists in volleyball and is used
for allocation decisions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Journal of Experimental Psychology</i>,
18(1), 81-94 (volleyball); Clark III, R.D. (2005).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An examination of the “hot hand” in
professional golfers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Perceptual and Motor Skills</i>, 101,
935-942 (golf); Dumangane, M., Rosati, N. & Volossovitch, A. (2009).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Departure from independence and stationarity
in a handball match.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Journal of Applied Statistics</i>, 36(7),
723-741 (handball); Klaassen, F. & Magnus. J. (2001).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Are points in tennis interdependent and
identically distributed? Evidence from a dynamic binary panel data model.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>Journal of the American Statistical Association</i>,
96, 500-509 (tennis).</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a>
Avugos, S., Koppen, J., Czienskowski, U., Raab, M., & Bar-Eli, M.
(2012).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The ‘”hot hand” reconsidered: A
meta-analytic approach.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Psychology of Sport and Exercise</i>, 14(1),
21-27.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is a growing body of
research finding fault with the statistical methods employed in earlier “hot
hand” research, effectively keeping the debate alive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Stone, D. (2012).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Measurement error and the hot hand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
American Statistician</i>, 61, 61-66; Arkes, J. (2013).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Misses in “hot hand” research.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Journal
of Sports Economics</i>, 14, 401-410.<span style="color: red;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>The hot hand has been analyzed in
non-sporting contexts as well including in hedge fund performance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>See Jagannathan, R., Malakhov, A. &
Novikov, D. (2010).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Do hands exist among
hedge fund managers?: An empirical evaluation. <i>The Journal of Finance</i>,
65, 217-255.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a>
Scholarship on the cold hand is limited but includes: Arkes, J. (2016).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The hot hand vs. cold hand on the PGA
Tour.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>International Journal of Sport
Finance</i>, 11(2) 99-113 (evidence of cold hand in golf); Elmore, R. &
Urbaczewski, A. (2018).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hot and cold
hands on the PGA tour: do they exist?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Journal of Sports Analytics</i>, 4, 275-284
(evidence of cold hand found).</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a>
Graduate years (or class standing), are a reasonable proxy for collegiate beach
playing experience with the exception of graduate students.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Graduate Students typically have 0-1 year of
collegiate beach volleyball playing experience.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a>
Beilock, S., L. & Carr, T.H. (2001).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>On the fragility of skilled performance:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>What governs choking under pressure? <i>Journal of Experimental Psychology.
General</i>, 130, 701-725; Eyseneck, M.W., Derakshan, N., Santos, R., &
Calvo, M.G. (2007).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Anxiety and
cognitive performance: Attentional control theory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>Emotion</i>, 7, 336-353; Gray, R. &
Allsop, J. (2013).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Interactions between
performance pressure, performance streaks, and attentional focus<i>. Journal of
Sport & Exercise Psychology</i>, 35, 368-386.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a>
Terminology is in-system (IS), out of system (OS), reception error or ace
(A).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We could have used longer
sequences, such as three OS passes in a row, to define reception failure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sequences of that length, however, are rare
in beach volleyball and so would have reduced the number of series and our
statistical power significantly.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a>
When less than seven points were played on the final side change, we coded
plays during the last seven (7) points of the game as though they were
contested on the final side-change.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a>
Our pressure model is adapted from Harris, D.J., Vine, S.J., Eysenck, M.W.
& Wilson, M.R. (2019).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To err again
is human: exploring the bidirectional relationship between pressure and
performance failure feedback. <i>Anxiety, Stress & Coping</i>, 32(6),
670-678.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn10" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a>
Link, D., & Wenninger, S. (2019).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Performance streaks in elite beach volleyball – does failure on one
sideout affect<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>attacking in the
next?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>,
10, 919-926; Raab, M., Gula, B. & Gigerenzer, G. (2012).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The hot hand exists in volleyball and is used
for allocation decisions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Journal of Experimental Psychology</i>,
18(1), 81-94.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn11" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a>
Gilovich, T., Vallone, R. & Tversky, A. (1985).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The hot hand in basketball:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the misperception of random sequences, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cognitive Psychology</i>, 17(3), 295-314.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn12" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a> Klaassen,
F. & Magnus. J. (2001).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Are points
in tennis interdependent and identically distributed? Evidence from a dynamic
binary panel data model.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>Journal of
the American Statistical Association</i>, 96, 500-509.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn13" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a>
Albright, S.C. (1993).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A statistical
analysis of hitting streaks in baseball.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><i>Journal of the American Statistical Association</i>, 88, 1175-1183.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn14" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a>
We acknowledge that service reception is influenced by characteristics of the
opponent’s serve and consider this a potential limitation of our findings since
we did not control for the difficulty of the serve.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nor do we think that attempting to do so
would have produced more robust results since “difficulty” is not susceptible
of objective measurement or definition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Even had we decided to use speed, type and location of serve as
objective indicia of “difficulty,” we have no principled basis for determining
how the confluence of these factors would or would not establish the
“difficulty” of each serve.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In any event,
the speeds of the serves we observed were not available and so could not be
included in our analysis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our data
should be interpreted with this limitation in mind.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn15" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[15]</span></span></span></span></a>
Harris, D.J., Vine, S.J., Eysenck, M.W. & Wilson, M.R. (2019).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To err again is human: exploring the
bidirectional relationship between pressure and performance failure feedback. <i>Anxiety,
Stress & Coping</i>, 32(6), 670-678; Link, D., & Wenninger, S.
(2019).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Performance streaks in elite
beach volleyball – does failure on one sideout affect<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>attacking in the next?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>, 10, 919-926.</div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[16]</span></span></span></span></a>
Beilock, S., L. & Carr, T.H. (2001).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>On the fragility of skilled performance:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>What governs choking under pressure? <i>J. Experimental Psychology.
General</i>, 130, 701-725; Eyseneck, M.W., Derakshan, N., Santos, R., &
Calvo, M.G. (2007).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Anxiety and
cognitive performance: Attentional control theory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>Emotion</i>, 7, 336-353; Gray, R. &
Allsop, J. (2013).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Interactions between
performance pressure, performance streaks, and attentional focus<i>. Journal of
Sport & Exercise Psychology</i>, 35, 368-386.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn16" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn17" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[17]</span></span></span></span></a>
Sagar, S.S., Lavallee, D., & Spray, C.M. (2009).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Coping with the effects of fear of failure: A
preliminary investigation of young elite athletes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>Journal of Clinical Sports Psychology</i>,
3, 73-98.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn18" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[18]</span></span></span></span></a>
D.J., Vine, S.J., Eysenck, M.W. & Wilson, M.R. (2019).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To err again is human: exploring the
bidirectional relationship between pressure and performance failure feedback. <i>Anxiety,
Stress & Coping</i>, 32(6), 670-678</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn19" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[19]</span></span></span></span></a>
Elmore, R. & Urbaczewski (2018).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hot
and cold hands on the PGA tour: Do they exist<i>? Journal of Sports Analytics</i>,
4, 275-284.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn20" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?rinli=1&pli=1&blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[20]</span></span></span></span></a>
Carson, H.J. & Collins, D (2015). The fourth dimension: A motoric
perspective on the anxiety-performance relationship.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>International Review of Sport and Exercise
Psychology</i>, 9, 1-21.</div>
</div>
</div>
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Version>16.00</o:Version>
</o:DocumentProperties>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:RelyOnVML/>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="377">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Mention"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Smart Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hashtag"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Unresolved Mention"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Smart Link"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Smart Link Error"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:107%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
table.MsoTableGrid
{mso-style-name:"Table Grid";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-priority:39;
mso-style-unhide:no;
border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-border-insideh:.5pt solid windowtext;
mso-border-insidev:.5pt solid windowtext;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
table.MsoTable15Plain1
{mso-style-name:"Plain Table 1";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:1;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:1;
mso-style-priority:41;
mso-style-unhide:no;
border:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;
mso-border-themecolor:background1;
mso-border-themeshade:191;
mso-border-alt:solid #BFBFBF .5pt;
mso-border-themecolor:background1;
mso-border-themeshade:191;
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-border-insideh:.5pt solid #BFBFBF;
mso-border-insideh-themecolor:background1;
mso-border-insideh-themeshade:191;
mso-border-insidev:.5pt solid #BFBFBF;
mso-border-insidev-themecolor:background1;
mso-border-insidev-themeshade:191;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
table.MsoTable15Plain1FirstRow
{mso-style-name:"Plain Table 1";
mso-table-condition:first-row;
mso-style-priority:41;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTable15Plain1LastRow
{mso-style-name:"Plain Table 1";
mso-table-condition:last-row;
mso-style-priority:41;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.5pt double #BFBFBF;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:background1;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themeshade:191;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTable15Plain1FirstCol
{mso-style-name:"Plain Table 1";
mso-table-condition:first-column;
mso-style-priority:41;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTable15Plain1LastCol
{mso-style-name:"Plain Table 1";
mso-table-condition:last-column;
mso-style-priority:41;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTable15Plain1OddColumn
{mso-style-name:"Plain Table 1";
mso-table-condition:odd-column;
mso-style-priority:41;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-shading:#F2F2F2;
mso-tstyle-shading-themecolor:background1;
mso-tstyle-shading-themeshade:242;}
table.MsoTable15Plain1OddRow
{mso-style-name:"Plain Table 1";
mso-table-condition:odd-row;
mso-style-priority:41;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-shading:#F2F2F2;
mso-tstyle-shading-themecolor:background1;
mso-tstyle-shading-themeshade:242;}
table.MsoTable15Plain4
{mso-style-name:"Plain Table 4";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:1;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:1;
mso-style-priority:44;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
table.MsoTable15Plain4FirstRow
{mso-style-name:"Plain Table 4";
mso-table-condition:first-row;
mso-style-priority:44;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTable15Plain4LastRow
{mso-style-name:"Plain Table 4";
mso-table-condition:last-row;
mso-style-priority:44;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTable15Plain4FirstCol
{mso-style-name:"Plain Table 4";
mso-table-condition:first-column;
mso-style-priority:44;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTable15Plain4LastCol
{mso-style-name:"Plain Table 4";
mso-table-condition:last-column;
mso-style-priority:44;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTable15Plain4OddColumn
{mso-style-name:"Plain Table 4";
mso-table-condition:odd-column;
mso-style-priority:44;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-shading:#F2F2F2;
mso-tstyle-shading-themecolor:background1;
mso-tstyle-shading-themeshade:242;}
table.MsoTable15Plain4OddRow
{mso-style-name:"Plain Table 4";
mso-table-condition:odd-row;
mso-style-priority:44;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-shading:#F2F2F2;
mso-tstyle-shading-themecolor:background1;
mso-tstyle-shading-themeshade:242;}
</style>
<![endif]-->Wayne D. Hollyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07073384046641234541noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7103692724965158855.post-42164045445647338752020-01-23T21:08:00.005-05:002020-05-06T13:40:33.542-04:00Offensive Scoring in Elite Women's Beach Volleyball: An Analysis of Zone Usage in the Olympic GamesAction sequence studies have been used to identify tactical patterns
and develop sport-specific training programs in a variety of sports. In beach volleyball the practice is relatively new but is
becoming one of the most reliable sources of information concerning the
training
and competitive demands of the sport.<br />
<br />
The aim of this
research was to identify the areas of the court used by the offense to
score in women's beach volleyball. The dynamics of the game, its
players and other situational factors preclude drawing conclusions
applicable across all levels of play. However, it is expected that
knowledge of offensive zone usage can be useful to develop physical
training, strategic, and tactical plans for beach volleyball teams
competing at the elite level studied. The data may provide similar guidance
for collegiate and junior national levels of development as well.<br />
<br />
<b>Methods and Protocol</b><br />
<br />
We compiled data by observing video of a total of 51 matches (94.444%),
comprising 123 (94.615%) sets in the 2012 Summer Olympic Women's Beach
Volleyball Tournament. Each team was observed playing at least 2
matches and 4 sets. A total of 2,601 kills were observed of which 2,370
(91.118%) were recorded by zone in the court according to Figure 1.<br />
<br />
Figure 1: Zone Identification.<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 168.75pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 70.5pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td style="background: #D9E2F3; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 70.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 51; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.75pt;" width="72"> Zone 1</td>
<td style="background: #D9E2F3; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 70.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 168.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">Zone 6</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D9E2F3; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 70.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 168.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">Zone 5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 70.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #D9E2F3; border-bottom: double windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 70.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.75pt;" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 168.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">Zone 2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D9E2F3; border-bottom: double windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 70.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 168.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">Zone 3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D9E2F3; border-bottom: double windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 70.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 168.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">Zone 4</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
A kill was assigned a zone when the ball (1) landed untouched in the
specified zone of the court; (2) rebounded off the block and landed in a
specified zone of the court; and (3) rebounded off a defensive player
in a specified zone in the court and landed out of bounds. Each kill in
a zone was viewed at least twice to ensure accurate zone assignment.
Multiple angles (when available), slow motion replay and frame-by-frame
analysis were used to enhance the accuracy of the zones assigned to each
kill. <br />
<br />
A total of 8.881% (n=231) of observed kills
were excluded from zone assignment. Excluded kills were of four types:
(a) kills in an indeterminant zone (n=72), (b) kills that rebounded off
a block and landed outside of the court or hit an antennae (n=142), (c)
kills for which a blocking error resulted in a kill being awarded to
the opposing team, and (d) kills for which a ball handling error by a
non-blocking defensive player resulted in a kill being awarded to the
offensive team (n=17) ((c) and (d)). <br />
<br />
<b>Participants</b><br />
<br />
Players
whose performances were analyzed were 48 female beach volleyball
players, comprising 24 beach volleyball doubles teams. All players were
members of their respective national teams representing 17 different
countries. The average player age on the first day of the Olympic
tournament was 27.187 years old. Players averaged 178.979cm/70.479
inches in height and 68.520kg/151.062lbs in weight.<span style="font-size: xx-small;">[1]</span> <br />
<br />
<b>Results</b><br />
<br />
Overall,
players used each zone to score offensively according to the percentage
distribution shown in Figure 2. The data includes all observed kills,
except excluded kills, whether accomplished on the first ball received
by a team in service reception or by either team in transition. Players
scored in Zone 1 = 20.843%, in Zone 2 = 18.691%, in Zone 3 = 6.329%, in
Zone 4 = 15.991%, in Zone 5 = 25.021% and in Zone 6 = 13.122%. <br />
<br />
Figure 2: Zone usage for all offensive kills in Serve Receive and Transition<br />
<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 70.5pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: #D9E2F3; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 70.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 51; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.75pt;" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 168.75pt; text-align: center;">
20.8<span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">4%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D9E2F3; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 70.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 168.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">13.12%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D9E2F3; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 70.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 168.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">25.02%</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 70.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #D9E2F3; border-bottom: double windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 70.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.75pt;" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 168.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">18.69%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D9E2F3; border-bottom: double windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 70.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 168.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">6.33%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D9E2F3; border-bottom: double windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 70.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 168.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">15.99%</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Zone 1 - 20.843% (n=494)<br />
Zone 2 - 18.691% (n=443)<br />
Zone 3 - 6.329% (n=150)<br />
Zone 4 - 15.991% (n=379)<br />
Zone 5 - 25.021% (n=595)<br />
Zone 6 - 13.122% (n=311) <br />
<br />
To determine whether zones were used to score differently in serve receive<span style="font-size: xx-small;">[2]</span> and in transition<span style="font-size: xx-small;">[3]</span>,
we further analyzed all kills according to the phase of play in
which the kills were earned. Zone usage by kill in serve receive and in
transition is shown in Figures 3 and 4 respectively.<br />
<br />
In the serve
receive offense, players scored in Zone 1 = 21.506%, in Zone 2 =
19.124%, in Zone 3 = 5.602%, in Zone 4 = 16.806%, in Zone 5 = 24.919%
and in Zone 6 = 12.041%.<br />
<br />
In the transition offense, players scored in
Zone 1 = 19.683%, in Zone 2 = 17.870%, in Zone 3 = 7.711%, in Zone 4 =
14.443%, in Zone 5 = 25.214% and in Zone 6 = 15.177%.<br />
<br />
Figure 3: Zone usage for all assigned kills in the serve receive offense.<br />
<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 70.5pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: #D9E2F3; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 70.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 51; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.75pt;" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 168.75pt; text-align: center;">
21.51%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D9E2F3; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 70.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 168.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">12.04%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D9E2F3; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 70.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 168.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">24.92%</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 70.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #D9E2F3; border-bottom: double windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 70.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.75pt;" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 168.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">19.12%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D9E2F3; border-bottom: double windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 70.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 168.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">5.60%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D9E2F3; border-bottom: double windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 70.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 168.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">16.81%</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Zone 1 - 21.506% (n=334)<br />
Zone 2 - 19.124% (n=297)<br />
Zone 3 - 5.602% (n=87)<br />
Zone 4 - 16.806 (n=261)<br />
Zone 5 - 24.919 (n=387)<br />
Zone 6 - 12.041 (n=187)<br />
<br />
Figure 4: Zone usage for all assigned kills in the transition offense.<br />
<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 70.5pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: #D9E2F3; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 70.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 51; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.75pt;" width="72"> 19.68%</td><td style="background: #D9E2F3; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 70.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"> 15.18%</td><td style="background: #D9E2F3; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 70.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"> 25.21%</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 70.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #D9E2F3; border-bottom: double windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 70.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.75pt;" width="72"> 17.87%</td>
<td style="background: #D9E2F3; border-bottom: double windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 70.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"> 7.71%</td>
<td style="background: #D9E2F3; border-bottom: double windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 70.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"> 14.44%</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Zone 1 - 19.683% (n=160)<br />
Zone 2 - 17.870% (n= 146)<br />
Zone 3 - 7.711% (n=63)<br />
Zone 4 - 14.443% (n=118)<br />
Zone 5 - 25.214% (n=206)<br />
Zone 6 - 15.177% (n=124)<br />
<br />
Lastly,
we analyzed the data to determine whether significant differences
existed in the collective use of adjacent zones of the court to score
offensively. In particular, we sought to determine whether the front
zones or back zones were used more often to score and whether the
left-side, right-side or middle vertical zones were used significantly
differently from each other in offensive scoring. <br />
<br />
As
indicated in Figure 5, players used the backcourt zones to score at a
rate 58.987% and used the frontcourt zones at a rate of 41.012%
overall. The backcourt scoring predominance held in both serve receive
and transition offenses. Backcourt scoring in serve receive = 58.467%
(n=908) and in transition = 59.975% (n=490) while front court scoring in
serve receive = 41.532% (n=645) and in transition = 41.532% (n=327). <br />
<br />
Figure 5: Zone usage by horizontal grouped zones.<br />
<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 70.5pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: #D9E2F3; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 70.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 51; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 161.75pt;" width="216"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 168.75pt; text-align: center;">
58.99%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 70.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #D9E2F3; border-bottom: double windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 70.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 161.75pt;" width="216"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 168.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">41.01%</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Zones 1, 5 and 6 (backcourt) - 58.987% (n=1398)<br />
Zones 2, 3 and 4 (frontcourt) - 41.012% (n=972)<br />
<br />
As
indicated in Figure 6, players utilized the middle of the court
significantly less to score than either the left or right side overall.
Left-side zones were used to score at a rate of 41.012%; right-side
zones were used to score at a rate of 39.535%; and the middle zones were
used to score at a rate of only 19.451%. The relative frequency of
zone usage remained constant in both serve receive and transition.
However, there was a slight increase (+3.437) in the use of the middle
zones (Zones 3-6) with a corresponding decrease (-2.081) in the use of
the right-side zones (Zones 2-1) in transition when compared to the
overall offense.<br />
<br />
Left-side scoring in serve receive =
41.725% (n=648) and in transition = 39.657% (n=324); middle zone scoring
in serve receive = 17.643% (n=274) and in transition = 22.888% (n=187);
and right-side scoring in serve receive = 40.631% (n=631) and in
transition = 37.454% (n=306).<br />
<br />
Figure 6: Zone usage by vertical grouped zones.<br />
<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 142.5pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #D9E2F3; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 142.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.75pt;" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 168.75pt; text-align: center;">
39.54%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D9E2F3; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 142.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 168.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">19.45%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D9E2F3; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 142.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 168.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">41.02%</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Zones 4-5 - 41.012% (n=972)<br />
Zones 3-6 - 19.451% (n=461)<br />
Zones 2-1 - 39.535% (n=937)<br />
<br />
<b>Discussion</b><br />
<br />
<b>Offensive Scoring by Zone</b><br />
<br />
The data indicate some significant differences among zone usage in
women's beach volleyball. Players scored most frequently in Zone 5, at a
rate of 25.021% (n=593) and scored least frequently in Zone 3, at a
rate of only 6.329% (n=150). Percent distributions remained constant
for both the serve receive and transition phases of the offense.<br />
<br />
The data indicate that Zone 3 is not used to a significant degree to score offensively in women's beach volleyball.<br />
<br />
Zones
1 and 2 ranked 2nd and 3rd respectively in overall percentage
distribution with just a 2% difference between them. Although the
right-side zones are ranked relatively high in overall usage, it does
not appear that women predominantly used the right side of the court to
score offensively overall. Comparing the left and right sides of the
court, the data indicate a slight scoring preference for the left-side
of the court (Zones 4-5), but the statistical difference is negligible
and the preference can be seen as a product of Zone 5's predominance
over all others.<br />
<br />
Completing the statistical rankings,
Zones 4 and 6 were the fourth and fifth most used zones to score overall
with just a 2.869% difference in their overall usage. Their relative
positions remained the same in serve receive but switched for transition
scoring.<br />
<br />
Figure 7: Serve Receive and Transition Kills by Zone. <br />
<br />
<img alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,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" /><br />
<br />
<b>Offensive Scoring - Frontcourt v. Backcourt</b><br />
<br />
The data indicate that offensive scoring in elite women's beach
volleyball is predominantly accomplished in the back three zones of the
court.<span style="font-size: xx-small;">[4]</span>
Backcourt kills exceeded frontcourt kills by nearly 18% overall. These
findings suggest possible strategic and training considerations for
beach volleyball athletes and coaches. Further research is recommended
for collegiate and junior national levels of development where
differences in the size, strength and experience of
athletes may suggest alternative strategic and training needs. <br />
<br />
<b>Zone Usage in Serve Receive and Transition </b><br />
<br />
There
was remarkable consistency among the zones used to score by players in
serve receive and in transition. In both phases of the game, players
used Zone 5 to score most often and least often used Zone 3. Zones 1
and 2 also saw no change in terms of their relative frequency of use in
the serve receive and transition phases. We identified only one change
in relative frequency of use in serve receive and transition. By
percentage, teams used Zone 4 more often than Zone 6 to score in serve
receive but used Zone 6 more often than Zone 4 to score in transition.
In fact, not only was Zone 6 used slightly more frequently in transition
(15.177%) than serve receive (12.041%), it also experienced a greater
percentage change than any other zone when making this comparison
(+3.136%).<br />
<br />
Figure 8: Comparison of Serve Receive Kills v. Transition Kills by Zone.<br />
<br />
<img alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,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" /><br />
<br />
Interesting, we found no evidence to confirm a
prediction one might make about transition offenses in beach
volleyball. We might have predicted different zone usages for scoring
in transition compared to serve receive based on an assumption that
teams in transition are "in system" less frequently than are teams in
serve receive. But the data do not confirm such a result. Whether the
zone usage consistency between serve receive and transition is a product
of our question (zone <i>scoring</i> versus zone <i>attempts</i>) or of
other factors (e.g., relative quality of service reception and digs,
transition setting, opponent blocking tendencies) should be the subject
of further research.<br />
<br />
<b>Offensive Scoring - First Ball v. Transition</b><br />
<br />
The
results of this study indicate that women's beach volleyball is an
offensive "first-ball-sideout" game rather than one in which scoring
most often occurs in transition. Kills in serve receive exceeded kills
scored in transition
by nearly 2:1. Among 2,370 recorded kills, 65.527% (n=1,553) were
scored on the first offensive play by the receiving team following the
serve and 34.472% (n=817) were scored in transition - by either team.
Offensive kills in serve receive exceeded kills in transition in 49 out
of 51 or 96.078% of all matches observed suggesting the amount of
training that should be dedicated to this aspect of the game.<br />
<br />
Figure 9: Kills in Serve Receive and Transition as Percentage of Total Kills.<br />
<br />
<img alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,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" /><br />
<br />
The
relative frequency of scoring in serve receive and concomitantly fewer
transition points also has implications for the physical work load
demands of beach volleyball. Fewer rallies translates into shorter
plays, more "down-time" and smaller workloads. Physical training
programs should reflect these realities of the game and coaches should
analyze action sequences to determine the training needs of their
players. For less than elite levels of development the data indicate
performance standards for success at elite levels of play. <br />
<br />
<b>Conclusion</b><br />
<br />
The
present study provides researchers, coaches and athletes information
concerning the offensive use of various zones of the court in elite women's
beach volleyball. Information obtained from the study of action
sequences in beach volleyball is valuable for designing optimal training
programs and practices. Action sequence analysis also assists in the
identification of tactical patterns and the development of
counter-strategies in competition. While data compiled for this study
is drawn from the Olympic level of women's beach volleyball, the results
of this study have implications beyond elite levels of play. The
present research will undoubtedly be improved upon and expanded by
future studies designed to improve our understanding of the nature,
tactics, skills, physical demands and strategies of the evolving game of
beach volleyball. <br />
<br />
<b>NOTES</b>:<br />
<br />
[1]
For purposes of this study, we define serve receive as the offensive
phase in which the receiving team executes its offense on the first ball
received from the serving team.<br />
<br />
[2] For purposes of this study, we define transition to mean any phase of
play after the first attack of the first ball received by a team in
serve receive.<br />
<br />
[3] Age, height and weight data for
each player was retrieved from
http://www.london2012.com/beach-volleyball/athletes/event=beach-volleyball-women/index.html.<br />
<br />
[4] While we are aware of Chinchilla-Mira's research on gender differences
in zone usages, we are unable to compare results as that study reports
zone use by percentage of total offensive plays, including service and
attack errors, without reporting the actual number of offensive plays or
kills by zone. Chinchilla Mira, J. J., Pérez Turpin, J. A., Martínez
Carbonell, J. A., & Jove Tossi, M. (2012). Offensive zones in beach
volleyball: differences by gender. <i>Journal Human Sport & Exercise</i>, 7:3, 727-732.
Wayne D. Hollyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07073384046641234541noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7103692724965158855.post-71214208231497072202020-01-10T11:55:00.000-05:002020-05-06T13:41:19.401-04:00The Impact of Serving Methods and Tactics in Disrupting Reception in Professional Beach Volleyball<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="375">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Mention"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Smart Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hashtag"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Unresolved Mention"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Introduction</b><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
As the sport of beach volleyball continues to evolve
players and coaches increasingly are turning to data analytics to measure the change.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Analytics provide the most reliable evidence
of how the game is played and where it tends to be going.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For more than a decade sports scientists have
analyzed data to identify the most often used and effectively employed serving
techniques, tactical considerations according to time in the game, and serving
speeds and locations most closely associated with inducing suboptimal reception.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Here we review the most recent research on serving
techniques and tactics and their impact on the quality of reception in beach
volleyball.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Research published in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine</i> analyzed whether
the manner of executing the serve and the zone to which the serve is directed impacts
the quality of reception in men’s professional beach volleyball.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Methods</b><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Analysis was made of 5,161 receptions by 91 players from 23
countries competing throughout 84 matches (179 sets) contested among the top 30
ranked teams on the FIVB World Tour.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Serves
were analyzed for their targeted location by dividing the reception court into
10 zones as shown in Figure1.<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<table align="left" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 6.75pt; margin-right: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-table-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-table-left: left; mso-table-lspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-overlap: never; mso-table-rspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-top: .05pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 71.5pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 71.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.6pt;" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 1</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 71.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.6pt;" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 2</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 71.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.6pt;" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 3</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 71.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.6pt;" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 4</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 71.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.1pt;" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 5</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 76.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 76.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.6pt;" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 6</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 76.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.6pt;" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 7</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 76.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.6pt;" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 8</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 76.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.6pt;" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 9</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 76.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.1pt;" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone10</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Figure 1:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Serve Reception Zones.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>NET</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Serving Types by
Frequency of Use</b><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The data indicate that the jump spin serve was used most
often (42.7%) followed by the jump floater (37.7%) and a standing serve
(19.5%).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is in accord with previous
research finding that the most common serve in men’s beach volleyball is the jump
spin serve (45.0%), followed by jump float serve (37.8%) and a standing float
serve (17.2%).<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By comparison, in women’s beach volleyball the
jump spin serve is less prevalent while the jump and standing float serves each
are utilized in approximately one-third of all attempts.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Serving Effectiveness
by Type</b><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In terms of effectiveness, the jump spin serve induced the highest
percentage of reception errors (8.9%) and receptions that did not permit an
attack (2.5%).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The standing serve induced
the lowest percentage of reception errors (1.5%) and receptions that did not
permit an attack (1.0%).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Receiving teams maintained maximum attack options most often
while receiving standing serves (64.8%) and least often while receiving jump
spin serves (42.1%).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jump float serves
occupied a middle ground by effectively eliminating at least one attack option
at a rate of approximately 40% as shown in Table 1. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Support for the effectiveness of the jump spin
serve in men’s beach volleyball is consistent with data produced from earlier
research.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a><br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Table
1:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Serve Type and Quality of Reception.</span><br />
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTable15Plain2" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1; mso-yfti-lastfirstrow: yes;">
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; text-align: center;">
<b>Attack Options</b></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1;">
<b>Standing Serve</b></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1;">
<b>Jump Spin Serve</b></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1;">
<b>Jump Float Serve</b></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1;">
<b>Total Serves</b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
#</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
#</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
#</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
#</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;">
<b>Reception Error</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
15</div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
1.5%</div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
195</div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
8.9%</div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
36</div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
1.9%</div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
246</div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
4.8%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<b>None</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
10</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
1.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
56</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
2.5%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
28</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
1.4%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
94</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
1.8%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;">
<b>Limited</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
328</div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
32.7%</div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
1013</div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
46.4%</div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
721</div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
37.9%</div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
2062</div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
40.3%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<b>Maximum</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
650</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
64.8%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
920</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
42.1%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
1144</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
59.3%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
2714</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-alt: solid #7F7F7F .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; mso-border-top-themetint: 128; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
53.0%</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Serving Effectiveness
by Location of Serve</b><br />
<br />
If serving effectiveness is measured by efficacy of
reception the data indicate that making passers move is an essential component
of effective serving even in elite beach volleyball.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As shown in Figures 2-4, serves to Zones 2
and 4 (where the passers were positioned) had the highest percentage of
receptions that permitted maximum attack options for the offense.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Serves requiring passers to move laterally
such as to Zones 1, 3, and 5 were more effective in creating passes that
reduced the number of attack options for the offense.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
The serving benefit derived from moving the passers appears
to hold for both deep and short zone serves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Moreover, if passer movement is associated with less effective reception
among elite performers there is reason to expect the same effect among
collegiate and junior players with less experience and training.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The results thus suggest an important tactical
training priority for beach volleyball coaches and players.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Interesting, despite the lower efficacy in reception
associated with requiring passers to move, the data show that serves to the
zones in which serve receive passers were positioned were the most common.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whether this phenomenon reflects a tactical
choice driven by other considerations or a result unintended by the athletes
remains an open question for further study.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Standing Serve<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>Jump
Spin Serve</div>
<table align="left" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 6.75pt; margin-right: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-table-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-table-left: left; mso-table-lspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-overlap: never; mso-table-rspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-top: .05pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 71.5pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 71.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.6pt;" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">5.5%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 1</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">54.5%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #B4C6E7; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 71.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.6pt;" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">34.2%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 2</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">71.4%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 71.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.6pt;" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">15.5%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 3</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">62.7%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #B4C6E7; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 71.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.6pt;" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">24.5%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 4</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">69.4%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 71.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.1pt;" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">4.9%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 5</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">45.1%</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 76.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 76.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.6pt;" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1.2%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 6</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">57.1%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 76.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.6pt;" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">3.8%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 7</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">59.5%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 76.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.6pt;" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">4.9%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 8</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">59.3%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 76.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.6pt;" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">2.9%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 9</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">70.4%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 76.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.1pt;" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">2.5%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone10</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">70.4%</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="left" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 6.75pt; margin-right: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-table-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-table-left: 323.25pt; mso-table-lspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-overlap: never; mso-table-rspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-top: 1.15pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 71.5pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 71.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.6pt;" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 323.3pt; mso-element-top: 1.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">5.5%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 323.3pt; mso-element-top: 1.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 1</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 323.3pt; mso-element-top: 1.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">29.8%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #B4C6E7; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 71.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.6pt;" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 323.3pt; mso-element-top: 1.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">38.6%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 323.3pt; mso-element-top: 1.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 2</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 323.3pt; mso-element-top: 1.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">51.2%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 71.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.6pt;" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 323.3pt; mso-element-top: 1.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">13.6%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 323.3pt; mso-element-top: 1.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 3</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 323.3pt; mso-element-top: 1.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">27.5%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #B4C6E7; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 71.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.6pt;" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 323.3pt; mso-element-top: 1.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">32.5%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 323.3pt; mso-element-top: 1.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 4</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 323.3pt; mso-element-top: 1.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">51.8%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 71.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.1pt;" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 323.3pt; mso-element-top: 1.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">4.8%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 323.3pt; mso-element-top: 1.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 5</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 323.3pt; mso-element-top: 1.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">28.2%</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 76.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 76.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.6pt;" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 323.3pt; mso-element-top: 1.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>0.5%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 323.3pt; mso-element-top: 1.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 6</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 323.3pt; mso-element-top: 1.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">16.1%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 76.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.6pt;" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 323.3pt; mso-element-top: 1.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">0.9%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 323.3pt; mso-element-top: 1.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 7</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 323.3pt; mso-element-top: 1.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">33.3%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 76.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.6pt;" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 323.3pt; mso-element-top: 1.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">2.0%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 323.3pt; mso-element-top: 1.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 8</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 323.3pt; mso-element-top: 1.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">47.4%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 76.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.6pt;" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 323.3pt; mso-element-top: 1.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">1.0%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 323.3pt; mso-element-top: 1.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 9</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 323.3pt; mso-element-top: 1.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">45.0%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 76.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.1pt;" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 323.3pt; mso-element-top: 1.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">0.7%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 323.3pt; mso-element-top: 1.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone10</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 323.3pt; mso-element-top: 1.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">28.6%</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br clear="all" />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Net<span style="mso-tab-count: 7;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Net<br />
<br />
Jump Float Serve <span style="font-size: 9.0pt;"> </span></div>
<table align="left" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 6.75pt; margin-right: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-table-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-table-left: left; mso-table-lspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-overlap: never; mso-table-rspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-top: 18.25pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 71.5pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 71.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.6pt;" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 18.25pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">6.7%</span> </span><br />
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 1</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 18.25pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">52.1%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #B4C6E7; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 71.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.6pt;" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 18.25pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">30.7%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 18.25pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 2</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 18.25pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">62.8%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 71.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.6pt;" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 18.25pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">16.1%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 18.25pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 3</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 18.25pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">50.4%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #B4C6E7; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 71.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.6pt;" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 18.25pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">27.7%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 18.25pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 4</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 18.25pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">70.1%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 71.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.1pt;" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 18.25pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">6.5%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 18.25pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 5</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 18.25pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">51.0%</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 76.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 76.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.6pt;" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 18.25pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1.8%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 18.25pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 6</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 18.25pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">44.7%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 76.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.6pt;" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 18.25pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">3.2%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 18.25pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 7</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 18.25pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">55.4%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 76.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.6pt;" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 18.25pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">2.9%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 18.25pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 8</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 18.25pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">55.0%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 76.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.6pt;" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 18.25pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">2.2%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 18.25pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone 9</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 18.25pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">59.5%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 76.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.1pt;" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 18.25pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">2.2%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 18.25pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Zone10</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 18.25pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">54.3%</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 5;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><u>KEY</u></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 3.0in; text-indent: .5in;">
% of Serves to
Zone</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 3.5in;">
Zone</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 3.0in; text-indent: .5in;">
% Passes
Allowing Maximum Attack Options</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 3.0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="background: white; mso-background-themecolor: background1;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="background: #B4C6E7; mso-shading-themecolor: accent1; mso-shading-themetint: 102;">Position of Serve Receive Passers</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>Front Court Zones – 6, 7, 8, 9,
10</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Back Court Zones – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Figures 2, 3
and 4:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Frequency and Location of Serves
by Type and Effectiveness.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Conclusion</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Evolution of the game drives the need periodically to analyze
the way it is being played through data analysis and action sequencing. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Two decades ago serving tactics began an
evolution following changes to the size of the court and system of
scoring.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Today, new forces are acting on
the game.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Domestic and international differences
in ball size, weight, and composition, the size of blockers and attackers, and
developing dynamics in both offenses and defenses are changing the game and
necessitating that players and coaches continue to devise the most effective
means of training and executing the serve.</div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
Palao, J.M., Lopez-Martinez, A., Valades, D., Hernandez, E. (2019).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Manner of execution and efficacy of reception
in men’s beach volleyball.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Monten. J. Sports Sci. Med</i>. 8(2), 21-26.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>
Busca, B., Moras, G., Pena, J. & Rodriguez-Jimenez, S. (2012).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The influence of serve characteristics on
performance in men’s and women’s high-standard beach volleyball.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Journal
of Sports Sciences</i>, 30(3), 269-276.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>See also Lopez-Martinez, A.B., & Palao, J.M. (2009).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Effect of serve execution on serve efficacy
in men’s and women’s beach volleyball.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">International Journal of Applied Sports
Sciences</i>, 21(1), 1-16 (jump serve used most often at 57.1% followed by
standing serves at 42.9%); Koch, C., Tilp, M (2019).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Beach volleyball techniques and tactics: A
comparison of male and female playing characteristics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kinesiology</i>
41(1), 52-59 (finding that men utilize jump serve at a rate of 47%).</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a>
Busca, B., Moras, G., Pena, J. & Rodriguez-Jimenez, S. (2012).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The influence of serve characteristics on
performance in men’s and women’s high-standard beach volleyball.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Journal
of Sports Sciences</i>, 30(3), 269-276.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a>
Busca, B., Moras, G., Pena, J. & Rodriguez-Jimenez, S. (2012).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The influence of serve characteristics on
performance in men’s and women’s high-standard beach volleyball.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Journal
of Sports Sciences</i>, 30(3), 269-276.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a>
Efficacy for this analysis is measured by the receiving team’s ability to
maintain maximum offensive options in serve receive and not necessarily by
point scoring – a result that is usually two contacts attenuated from
reception.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is worth noting, however,
that attack efficacy was highest and error rate lowest when reception
maintained maximum attack options.</div>
</div>
</div>
Wayne D. Hollyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07073384046641234541noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7103692724965158855.post-77718265102443633362019-12-25T23:33:00.000-05:002020-05-06T13:43:05.613-04:00Path to the Pros: The Impact of Collegiate Beach Volleyball on the Domestic Professional Beach Tour - A Data Analysis and Report<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">By Wayne Holly and Shane Spellman </b><br />
<br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">INTRODUCTION</b><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Since becoming an NCAA emerging sport in 2012 and a
championship sport in 2016 collegiate beach volleyball has steadily grown.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What began in 2012 with 204 players on 15 Division
I teams has blossomed into 1,312 players on 76 teams across three divisions of
competition.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The sport is also growing outside of the
NCAA.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both the NAIA and junior colleges sponsor
beach volleyball programs that bring additional teams and players into the
sport.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact, the NAIA recently added
beach volleyball to its list of “emerging sports.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The development that could stimulate additional
expansion in the coming years.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: left;">
At the same time that sport sponsorship is growing college
beach rosters have expanded nearly 20 percent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The average NCAA roster is now 17.3 players compared to 14.6 in the 2012
season. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The trend is a complex one owing
at least in part to (i) expansion in the pool of recruitable juniors, (ii) indoor
players shifting to beach for a 5<sup>th</sup> year” of eligibility and (iii) slowed
growth in sport sponsorship at the Division I level. </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg62FPY80BfeQZgG9t5f7ONzAgnM3sSAfAlI1bYh7pBi1tMeZaQIg4VIJTaK8lG51U3kk37n4WJaR6n88bOzIhiS1QvSJgGFdMfIaSrhg5d4TVLuSl3FY5WUvrq4OsK1TJwMeFkF8B8YTbI/s1600/Figure+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="335" data-original-width="573" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg62FPY80BfeQZgG9t5f7ONzAgnM3sSAfAlI1bYh7pBi1tMeZaQIg4VIJTaK8lG51U3kk37n4WJaR6n88bOzIhiS1QvSJgGFdMfIaSrhg5d4TVLuSl3FY5WUvrq4OsK1TJwMeFkF8B8YTbI/s1600/Figure+1.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Figure 1:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Growth in NCAA Beach Volleyball Teams and
Average Roster Size 2012-2019.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Collegiate beach growth is commonly associated with igniting
participation in the juniors game.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Less
attention has been paid, however, to the effect of the college game on the professional
ranks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To determine what impact college beach
has had on the pros we analyzed seven years of data to identify the annual
participation rates and performances of college players in professional beach
volleyball.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The data show that college
beach players have dramatically impacted the professional tour through near
straight line growth in participation and success rates.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">PROCEDURE</b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
To identify the influence of collegiate beach on the
professional ranks we identified every athlete who:(i) has committed to a college or university to play
beach volleyball, (ii) is currently on a college beach volleyball roster, or
(iii) previously competed with a collegiate beach volleyball program (“college
players”).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We then tracked their participation
and results through all qualification and main draw matches played on the
Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) pro beach volleyball tour in the
United States from 2013 through 2019.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">DISCUSSION</b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">College Beach
Players in the Pros – Participation Rates <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Main Draw</i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
From 2013 to 2019 the percentage of college players in
the pros increased by 954%.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 2013, college
players represented just 6.3% of the main draw field on the AVP Tour.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 2019, they constituted 66.4% of the main
draw field.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU6Cm2pT77t1L050ekFyOuuRU_dyP0l7anCXZpb1NAdQBBtSv1iFQ-A98FzVl1r7VXNoXcvqd2TTLz6AcAl3rOuY6YYLlzZOa-366FSxTCzws9XrOFLarA5DQpdNV-WWnyGTjTuDwe7WgV/s1600/Figure+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="321" data-original-width="561" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU6Cm2pT77t1L050ekFyOuuRU_dyP0l7anCXZpb1NAdQBBtSv1iFQ-A98FzVl1r7VXNoXcvqd2TTLz6AcAl3rOuY6YYLlzZOa-366FSxTCzws9XrOFLarA5DQpdNV-WWnyGTjTuDwe7WgV/s1600/Figure+2.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Figure 2: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>College Players as Increasing Percentage of
AVP Main Draw Field 2013-2019.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
In fact, as shown in <span style="background: white; mso-shading-themecolor: background1;">Table A</span>, college players have constituted
an increasing percentage of the main draw field of every AVP event in every returning
city in every season since 2013.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Table A:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>College Players in AVP Pro Beach Volleyball
Events 2013-2019.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTable15Plain1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1; mso-yfti-lastfirstrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #C5E0B3; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.25pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; text-align: center;">
<b>Event Cities</b></div>
</td>
<td colspan="7" style="background: #C5E0B3; border-left: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 373.25pt;" valign="top" width="498"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;">
<b>College Players as Percentage of Main Draw Field</b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.25pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">2013</i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">2014</i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 50.75pt;" valign="top" width="68"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">2015</i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.55pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">2016</i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">2017</i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">2018</i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">2019</i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.25pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Salt Lake City</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
6.3%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
18.8%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 50.75pt;" valign="top" width="68"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.55pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.25pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Manhattan Beach</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
7.8%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
15.6%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 50.75pt;" valign="top" width="68"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
18.8%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.55pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
21.9%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
37.5%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
57.8%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
70.3%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.25pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Cincinnati</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
6.3%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
15.6%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 50.75pt;" valign="top" width="68"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
15.6%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.55pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.25pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Atlantic City</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
6.3%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
15.6%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 50.75pt;" valign="top" width="68"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.55pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.25pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">St. Petersburg</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
3.1%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
9.4%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 50.75pt;" valign="top" width="68"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.55pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.25pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Santa Barbara</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
6.3%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 50.75pt;" valign="top" width="68"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.55pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.25pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Huntington Beach</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
6.3%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
9.4%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 50.75pt;" valign="top" width="68"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
15.6%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.55pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
25.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
28.1%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
60.4%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.25pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Milwaukee</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
9.4%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 50.75pt;" valign="top" width="68"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.55pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.25pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">New Orleans</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 50.75pt;" valign="top" width="68"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
6.3%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.55pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
21.9%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.25pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">New York</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 50.75pt;" valign="top" width="68"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
18.8%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.55pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
34.4%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
37.5%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
50.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
68.8%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.25pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Seattle</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 50.75pt;" valign="top" width="68"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
21.9%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.55pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
34.4%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
43.8%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
56.3%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
75.0%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.25pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Chicago</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 50.75pt;" valign="top" width="68"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
25.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.55pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
29.2%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
43.8%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
62.5%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
62.5%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.25pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Austin</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 50.75pt;" valign="top" width="68"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.55pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
40.6%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
43.8%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
56.3%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.25pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">San Francisco</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 50.75pt;" valign="top" width="68"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.55pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
40.6%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
43.8%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
53.1%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.25pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Hermosa Beach</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 50.75pt;" valign="top" width="68"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.55pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
54.2%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
66.7%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
70.8%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 16; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.25pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Hawaii</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 50.75pt;" valign="top" width="68"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.55pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.65pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
65.6%</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
College player representation in the main draw increased at
an extraordinary pace for the five most regularly scheduled professional
events: Manhattan Beach (+801.3%), Huntington Beach (+858.7%), New York (+266.0%),Seattle (+248.8%), and Chicago (+250.0%).</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br />
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Qualification</i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
The rate at which college players are entering the
professional ranks is suggested by their representation in the final round of AVP
qualification events.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 2013, college
players constituted just 10% of all players competing in the final round of AVP
qualifiers, known colloquially as the “match to get in” (“MTGI”).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 2019, college players constituted 67.2% of
all players competing in the MTGI – a six year increase of 572%.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Complete data and growth trends are shown in
Table B and Figure 3.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Table B:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>College Players in the Final Round of AVP Qualification
Events.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTable15Plain1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1; mso-yfti-lastfirstrow: yes;">
<td colspan="2" style="background: #C5E0B3; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.15pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; text-align: center;">
<b>Event Data</b></div>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="background: #C5E0B3; border-left: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.1pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;">
<b>Composition of Players in MTGI</b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Season</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.85pt;" valign="top" width="81"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"># Events</i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.1pt;" valign="top" width="103"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"># Players</i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"># CPs</i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">% CP</i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2013</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.85pt;" valign="top" width="81"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.1pt;" valign="top" width="103"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
120</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
12</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
10.0%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2014</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.85pt;" valign="top" width="81"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.1pt;" valign="top" width="103"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
128</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
28</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
21.9%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2015</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.85pt;" valign="top" width="81"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.1pt;" valign="top" width="103"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
116</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
31</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
27.0%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2016</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.85pt;" valign="top" width="81"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.1pt;" valign="top" width="103"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
128</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
53</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
41.0%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2017</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.85pt;" valign="top" width="81"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
8</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.1pt;" valign="top" width="103"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
176</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
90</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
51.1%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2018</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.85pt;" valign="top" width="81"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.1pt;" valign="top" width="103"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
160</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
109</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
68.0%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2019</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.85pt;" valign="top" width="81"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
8</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.1pt;" valign="top" width="103"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
192</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
129</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
67.2%</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpTobg32c8I4MlRUAuA9-0kRTnjCbSq5rHFpCuDHxuG-PSNq4vlPS84Ut1OfEYxOQ9sT8cO40KlPBaN_7nAo01P6fwnX-WmwRObC5yvgxxzawx19AXBgnE17lKyfnOmkgXCSdLIRLFlOgZ/s1600/Figure+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="321" data-original-width="532" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpTobg32c8I4MlRUAuA9-0kRTnjCbSq5rHFpCuDHxuG-PSNq4vlPS84Ut1OfEYxOQ9sT8cO40KlPBaN_7nAo01P6fwnX-WmwRObC5yvgxxzawx19AXBgnE17lKyfnOmkgXCSdLIRLFlOgZ/s1600/Figure+3.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Figure 3: College Players as
Increasing Percentage of AVP Qualification Finalists.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">College Beach
Players in the Pros – Performance</b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
The collegiate impact on the professional tour is not
limited to growth in participation rates.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The data show that college players often outperform their non-college
counterparts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That performance edge exists
both in the final round of qualification and in the main draw of professional
events. </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Qualification</i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
College players competing in the MTGI routinely
outperformed their non-college counterparts and increased their advantage when
they played non-college pairs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Teams
comprised exclusively of college players won 63.5% of matches against pairs
with only one college player and won 76.7% of matches against pairs comprised
of non-college players. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pairs comprised
of more college players than their opponents won 69.3% of their final matches
to get into the main draw. </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Table C:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>College Players’ Performance in MTGI By Composition
of Opponents.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTable15Plain1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 618px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1; mso-yfti-lastfirstrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #C5E0B3; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.35pt;" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td colspan="6" style="background: #C5E0B3; border-left: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 420.9pt;" width="561"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;">
<b>Composition of Pairs in MTGI</b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.35pt;" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.4pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">CP-CP v. CP-NCP</i></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.5pt;" width="162"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">CP-CP v. NCP-NCP</i></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.5in;" width="240"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">CP-NCP v. NCP-NCP + CP-CP v. CP-NCP</i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: #E2EFD9; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.35pt;" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Season</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E2EFD9; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.65pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Record</i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E2EFD9; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.75pt;" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Win %</i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E2EFD9; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.8pt;" width="92"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Record</i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E2EFD9; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.7pt;" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Win %</i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E2EFD9; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.55pt;" width="147"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Record</i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E2EFD9; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 69.45pt;" width="93"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Win %</i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.35pt;" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2013</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.65pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
2-1</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="top" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
66.7%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.8pt;" width="92"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
2-1</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.7pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
66.7%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.55pt;" width="147"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
7-2</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 69.45pt;" valign="top" width="93"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
77.8%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.35pt;" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2014</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.65pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
3-2</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="top" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
60.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.8pt;" width="92"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
3-1</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.7pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
75.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.55pt;" width="147"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
14-4</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 69.45pt;" valign="top" width="93"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
77.8%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.35pt;" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2015</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.65pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
7-4</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="top" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
63.6%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.8pt;" width="92"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
7-2</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.7pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
77.8%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.55pt;" width="147"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
11-5</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 69.45pt;" valign="top" width="93"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
68.8%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.35pt;" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2016</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.65pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
5-4</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="top" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
55.5%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.8pt;" width="92"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
3-2</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.7pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
60.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.55pt;" width="147"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
13-5</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 69.45pt;" valign="top" width="93"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
72.2%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.35pt;" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2017</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.65pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
14-4</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="top" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
77.8%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.8pt;" width="92"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
7-2</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.7pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
77.8%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.55pt;" width="147"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
22-8</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 69.45pt;" valign="top" width="93"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
73.3%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.35pt;" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2018</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.65pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
11-11</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="top" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
50.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.8pt;" width="92"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
3-3</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.7pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
50.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.55pt;" width="147"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
14-12</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 69.45pt;" valign="top" width="93"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
53.8%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.35pt;" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2019</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.65pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
19-9</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="top" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
67.9%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.8pt;" width="92"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
11-0</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.7pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
100%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.55pt;" width="147"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
23-10</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 69.45pt;" valign="top" width="93"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
9.7%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.35pt;" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.65pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.75pt;" valign="top" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.8pt;" width="92"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.7pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.55pt;" width="147"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 69.45pt;" valign="top" width="93"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.35pt;" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Totals</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.65pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
61-35</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.75pt;" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
63.5%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.8pt;" width="92"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
36-11</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.7pt;" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
76.7%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.55pt;" width="147"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
104-46</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 69.45pt;" width="93"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
69.3%</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
College players also are constituting an ever increasing
percentage of the winners in the MTGI regardless of the composition of their
opponents.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 2013, college players constituted
6.7% of the winners of the matches to qualify for the main draw.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 2016 they constituted 23.4% of the winners.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 2019, nearly 40% of the winners in the final
matches of qualification were college players – a 475% increase in six years.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Table D:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>College Players as Percentage of Winners in Final
Round of AVP Qualifiers.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTable15Plain1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1; mso-yfti-lastfirstrow: yes;">
<td colspan="3" style="background: #C5E0B3; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 180.25pt;" width="240"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; text-align: center;">
<b>Event Data</b></div>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="background: #C5E0B3; border-left: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 269.5pt;" width="359"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;">
<b>Composition of MTGI Field</b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Season</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.85pt;" width="105"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"># Qualification Events</i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.1pt;" width="79"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"># MTGI</i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.0pt;" width="89"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"># Players in MTGI</i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"># College Players Among Winners</i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">% College Players Among Winners</i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2013</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.85pt;" valign="top" width="105"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.1pt;" valign="top" width="79"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
30</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.0pt;" valign="top" width="89"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
120</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
8</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
6.7%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2014</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.85pt;" valign="top" width="105"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.1pt;" valign="top" width="79"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
32</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.0pt;" valign="top" width="89"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
128</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
17</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
13.3%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2015</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.85pt;" valign="top" width="105"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.1pt;" valign="top" width="79"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
29</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.0pt;" valign="top" width="89"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
116</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
20</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
17.2%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2016</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.85pt;" valign="top" width="105"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.1pt;" valign="top" width="79"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
32</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.0pt;" valign="top" width="89"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
128</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
30</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
23.4%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2017</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.85pt;" valign="top" width="105"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
8</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.1pt;" valign="top" width="79"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
44</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.0pt;" valign="top" width="89"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
176</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
54</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
30.7%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2018</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.85pt;" valign="top" width="105"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.1pt;" valign="top" width="79"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
40</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.0pt;" valign="top" width="89"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
160</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
54</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
33.8%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2019</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.85pt;" valign="top" width="105"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
8</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.1pt;" valign="top" width="79"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
48</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.0pt;" valign="top" width="89"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
192</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
74</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
38.5%</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Main Draw</i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
As in qualification, college players’ success in the main
draw has grown steadily from season to season.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We measured success through five distinct but interrelated criteria: (i)
tournament victories, (ii) finals appearances, (iii) semi-finals appearances,
(iv) tournament finishes, and (v) final rankings on the AVP tour.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tournament Victories</i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Since Summer Ross became the first college player to win
a pro tournament in 2013, college players’ representation among tournament
winners has trended upward with the biggest gains occurring over the last three
seasons.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From 2013-2016 college players represented
8.9% of all AVP tournament winners.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From
2017-2019 that percentage more than tripled to 32.6% as shown in Figure 4.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiG-Y7o1HKe9E8Y61RChCy2FU5Rch9ya-YeUfY6NQb08bOQbBLrlBy92ms7tdg2yJ6SU_W4tFrn6RtLl2_fQBcjrsxH5O322X6zYvOZ9pl1-BF2DXPiTWiQLg7uF0itO69y3uApm4uoYlOi/s1600/Figure+4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="334" data-original-width="573" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiG-Y7o1HKe9E8Y61RChCy2FU5Rch9ya-YeUfY6NQb08bOQbBLrlBy92ms7tdg2yJ6SU_W4tFrn6RtLl2_fQBcjrsxH5O322X6zYvOZ9pl1-BF2DXPiTWiQLg7uF0itO69y3uApm4uoYlOi/s1600/Figure+4.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Figure 4: College Players
as Increasing Percentage of AVP Tournament Winners.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Despite trending toward more victories college players’
overall record in the finals remains under .500.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>College players have a 19-36 (.345) record in
the finals from 2013 to 2019.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When college
players teamed up to form college pairs their record was only marginally better.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>College pairs earned a 7-10 record, or .412
winning percentage, over the same period of time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Only three college players, Betsi Flint
(5-4), Kelley Larson (3-2) and Sarah Hughes (3-2) have winning records in AVP
finals.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The only college pair with a winning record
is Sarah Hughes and Summer Ross (2-1).<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Finals Appearances</i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
We looked at finals appearances from two perspectives:
(i) the percentage of college players among AVP finalists and (ii) the percentage
of AVP finals that included 1-4 college players.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both show a growth trend.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Percentage of College Players Among Finalists</i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
The percentage of AVP finalists that were college players
tripled from 2013 to 2019.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As shown in Table
E, 10.7% of the players in the finals of AVP tournaments were college players
in 2013.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 2019 that number grew to 34.4%,
although the highest percentage occurred in 2018 when nearly half of all
finalists were college players (46.4%).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The 2013 to 2019 change represents a 221.5% increase.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Table E:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Percentage of College Player AVP Finalists.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTable15Plain1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1; mso-yfti-lastfirstrow: yes;">
<td colspan="2" style="background: #C5E0B3; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.35pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; text-align: center;">
<b>Event Data</b></div>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="background: #C5E0B3; border-left: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;">
<b>Composition of AVP Finals Field</b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Season</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.6pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"># Events</i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"># Finalists</i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"># CPs</i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">% CPs</i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2013</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.6pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
28</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
3</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
10.7%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2014</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.6pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
28</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
1</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
3.6%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2015</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.6pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
28</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
5</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
17.9%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2016</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.6pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
28</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
12</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
42.9%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2017</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.6pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
8</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
32</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
11</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
34.4%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2018</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.6pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
28</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
13</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
46.4%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2019</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.6pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
8</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
32</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
11</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
34.4%</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Percentage of Finals That Included College Players</i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Our second approach to finals appearances calculated the
percentage of AVP finals in which college players appeared in numbers from 1 to
4.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our findings are summarized in Table F.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
The data show that the most consistently occurring event was
that of a single college player (1CP) in the finals, which occurred at least
once in every season from 2013 to 2019.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Instances
of 2-3 college players in the finals did not occur until 2015 but since then
have become common.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From 2015 to 2019, 70.3%
of all AVP finals featured multiple college players (2CP + 3CP).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Finals with two college players occurred most
frequently and in more than half of all events (51.4%).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No AVP final in history has (yet) featured a
match contested exclusively among college players.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Table F:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>AVP Finals Including N College Players.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTable15Plain1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: -4.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 648px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1; mso-yfti-lastfirstrow: yes;">
<td colspan="2" style="background: #C5E0B3; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Event Data</b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; text-align: center;">
<b></b></div>
</td>
<td colspan="8" style="background: #C5E0B3; border-left: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 5.5in;" valign="top" width="528"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"><b>College Players in AVP Finals</b></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.25pt;" valign="top" width="63"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Season</span></i></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.75pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Events</i></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">1CP</i></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">2CP</i></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">3CP</i></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">4CP</i></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.25pt;" valign="top" width="63"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.75pt;" valign="top" width="57"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">Occurred</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">Occurred</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">Occurred</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">Occurred</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">%</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.25pt;" valign="top" width="63"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2013</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.75pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">7</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">42.9%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">0</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">0%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">0</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">0%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">0</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">0%</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.25pt;" valign="top" width="63"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2014</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.75pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">7</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">14.3%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">0</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">0%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">0</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">0%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">0</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">0%</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.25pt;" valign="top" width="63"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2015</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.75pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">7</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">28.6%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">28.6%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">14.3%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">0</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">0%</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.25pt;" valign="top" width="63"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2016</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.75pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">7</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">7</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">100%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">71.4%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">0</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">0%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">0</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">0%</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.25pt;" valign="top" width="63"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2017</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.75pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">8</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">62.5%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">37.5%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">37.5%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">0</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">0%</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.25pt;" valign="top" width="63"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2018</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.75pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">7</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">7</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">100%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">71.4%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">14.3%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">0</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">0%</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.25pt;" valign="top" width="63"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2019</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.75pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">8</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">62.5%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">50.0%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">25.0%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">0</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;">0%</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span>
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk27827372;"></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Semi-Finals Appearances</i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
From 2013 to 2019 the percentage of college players among AVP semi-finalists increased 514.6%.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 2013, just 8.9% of players in the
semi-finals of AVP events were college players.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Two seasons later that number more than doubled.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 2017, nearly 33% of semi-finalists were
college players and during the 2019 season collegiate players constituted more
than half of all semi-finalists on tour at a rate of 54.7%.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Complete data is shown in Table G and the
growth trend is shown in Figure 5.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Table G:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Percentage of College Player AVP
Semi-Finalists.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTable15Plain1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1; mso-yfti-lastfirstrow: yes;">
<td colspan="2" style="background: #C5E0B3; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 107.55pt;" valign="top" width="143"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; text-align: center;">
<b>Event Data</b></div>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="background: #C5E0B3; border-left: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 207.2pt;" valign="top" width="276"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;">
<b>Composition of AVP Semi-Finals Field</b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Season</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.35pt;" valign="top" width="86"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"># Events</i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"># Semi-Finalists</i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.2pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"># CPs</i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">% CP</i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2013</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.35pt;" valign="top" width="86"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
56</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.2pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
3</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
8.9%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2014</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.35pt;" valign="top" width="86"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
56</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.2pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
1</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
16.1%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2015</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.35pt;" valign="top" width="86"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
56</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.2pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
5</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
21.4%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2016</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.35pt;" valign="top" width="86"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
56</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.2pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
12</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
39.3%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2017</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.35pt;" valign="top" width="86"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
8</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
64</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.2pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
11</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
32.8%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2018</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.35pt;" valign="top" width="86"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
56</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.2pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
13</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
48.2%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2019</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.35pt;" valign="top" width="86"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
8</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
64</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.2pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
11</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
54.7%</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAQ_vo0fWHQO24i6QCQhEftsixH9TK4YJq6BQF4Lca4_XnfRmYf8XJv8iLyYuF4wEVUC4jZHixVEkbvZb1QB2Ott34OvTzzgOjpynn1dzwEFjn0LeCEve1IGYfrQ7sv26hdqUa_s_o8u5a/s1600/Figure+5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="275" data-original-width="489" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAQ_vo0fWHQO24i6QCQhEftsixH9TK4YJq6BQF4Lca4_XnfRmYf8XJv8iLyYuF4wEVUC4jZHixVEkbvZb1QB2Ott34OvTzzgOjpynn1dzwEFjn0LeCEve1IGYfrQ7sv26hdqUa_s_o8u5a/s1600/Figure+5.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br clear="all" />
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Figure 5:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Growth of College Players in Semi-Finals of AVP Pro Beach Events.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tournament Finishes</i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Since 2013 college players increased their percentage of
Top 5 and Top 10 finishes nearly every season on tour.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Between 2013 and 2019 the percentage of college players
among Top 5 finishers increased by 471.6% and the percentage finishing in the Top
10 increased by 333.6%.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 2013, college
players earned just 7.1% of 3<sup>rd</sup> place and 10.7% of 5<sup>th</sup>
place finishes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 2019 those
percentages rose to 75.0% and 65.6% respectively.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Likewise, while college players earned only
3.2% of 7<sup>th</sup> place and 4.1% of 9<sup>th</sup> place finishes on tour
in 2013, they accounted for 53.1% of 7<sup>th</sup> place and 71.9% of 9<sup>th</sup>
place finishes in 2019. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Complete data is
shown in Table H.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The growth trend is
shown in Figure 6.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Table H:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>College Players’ Top 5 and Top 10 Finishes on
AVP Pro Tour.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTable15Plain1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 624px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1; mso-yfti-lastfirstrow: yes;">
<td colspan="2" style="background: #C5E0B3; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.25pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; text-align: center;">
<b>Event Data</b></div>
</td>
<td colspan="7" style="background: #C5E0B3; border-left: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 373.5pt;" valign="top" width="498"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;">
<b>Percentage of College Players Among Players Finishing:</b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Season</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.7pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"># Events</i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Finals</i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">3<sup>rd</sup></i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">5<sup>th</sup></i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">7<sup>th</sup></i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">9<sup>th</sup></i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #B4C6E7; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Top 5</i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #B4C6E7; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Top 10</i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2013</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.7pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
12.5%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
7.1%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
10.7%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
3.2%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
4.1%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C5E0B3; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
10.2%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C5E0B3; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
14.3%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2014</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.7pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
3.6%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
32.1%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
10.7%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
10.7%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
16.1%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #B4C6E7; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
15.5%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #B4C6E7; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
14.9%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2015</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.7pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
17.9%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
25.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
21.4%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
14.3%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
18.8%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C5E0B3; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
21.4%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C5E0B3; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
19.4%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2016</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.7pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
35.7%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
35.7%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
32.1%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
35.7%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
32.1%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #B4C6E7; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
34.5%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #B4C6E7; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
33.9%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2017</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.7pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
8</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
39.3%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
32.1%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
28.6%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
71.4%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
41.1%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C5E0B3; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
33.3%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C5E0B3; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
42.3%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2018</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.7pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
46.4%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
53.6%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
60.7%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
53.6%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
44.6%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #B4C6E7; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
53.6%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #B4C6E7; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
50.6%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2019</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.7pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
8</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
34.4%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
75.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
65.6%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
53.1%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
71.9%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C5E0B3; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
58.3%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C5E0B3; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
62.0%</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Top 15 finishes show a similar trend of consistent growth
as shown in Table I and Figure 6.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From
2013 to 2019, the percentage of college players among Top 15 finishers in AVP
events grew 1,043.9%.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>More than 65% of
the Top 15 finishers in 2019 were college players compared to just 5.7 % in
2013.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Table I: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>College Players’ Top 15 Finishes on AVP Pro
Tour.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTable15Plain1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 349px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1; mso-yfti-lastfirstrow: yes;">
<td colspan="2" style="background: #C5E0B3; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 98.75pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; text-align: center;">
<b>Event Data</b></div>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="background: #C5E0B3; border-left: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 162.95pt;" valign="top" width="217"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;">
<b>Percentage of College Players Among Players Finishing:</b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Season</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.2pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"># Events</i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 57.65pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">13<sup>th</sup></i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.65pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">15<sup>th</sup></i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #B4C6E7; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.65pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Top 15</i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2013</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.2pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 57.65pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
2.1%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.65pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
0%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C5E0B3; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.65pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
5.7%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2014</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.2pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 57.65pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
13.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.65pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
0%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #B4C6E7; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.65pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
14.4%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2015</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.2pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 57.65pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
19.6%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.65pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
0%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C5E0B3; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.65pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
19.4%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2016</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.2pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 57.65pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
21.4%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.65pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
0%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #B4C6E7; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.65pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
30.8%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2017</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.2pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
8</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 57.65pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
50.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.65pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
50.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C5E0B3; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.65pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
44.3%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2018</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.2pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 57.65pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
63.5%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.65pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
66.7%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #B4C6E7; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.65pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
54.3%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2019</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.2pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
8</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 57.65pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
72.6%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.65pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
80.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C5E0B3; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.65pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
65.2%</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0tPAjQS5qLp7tP5Z5zNT4R1NGb4PKyZdv25iFMSb5uoGIesJhm7V2JBz51tuUXdcjj4ZQoBapg0fNzdqSZPkwpvmZOomo9O4bCwc3T3UaSGKDipuXWgtFBWTDld21lqLLVNnh4BsF_0aL/s1600/Figure+6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="336" data-original-width="572" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0tPAjQS5qLp7tP5Z5zNT4R1NGb4PKyZdv25iFMSb5uoGIesJhm7V2JBz51tuUXdcjj4ZQoBapg0fNzdqSZPkwpvmZOomo9O4bCwc3T3UaSGKDipuXWgtFBWTDld21lqLLVNnh4BsF_0aL/s1600/Figure+6.jpg" /></a></span></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Figure 6:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Percentage Increase of College Players’ Top
5, Top 10 and Top 15 Finishes.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">AVP Annual Rankings</i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
The final measure of college players’ success at the
professional level is suggested by AVP rankings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We organized the rankings into four common
increments - Top 5, Top 10, Top 15 and Top 20 - and identified the percentage
of college players within each increment for each season from 2013 to
2019.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The data is presented in Table J.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
We measured success in the rankings by analyzing the data
in two ways.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>First, we measured percentage
growth in each increment for each season between 2013 and 2019.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Second, we measured growth within each
increment by comparing the 2013-2016 seasons with the 2017-2019 seasons within
each increment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both analyses show a
trend toward increasing percentages of college players at every measured
increment of the AVP official rankings.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Table J:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>College Players Ranked on AVP Pro Beach Tour.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTable15Plain1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 623px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1; mso-yfti-lastfirstrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #C5E0B3; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.45pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; text-align: center;">
<b>Seasons</b></div>
</td>
<td colspan="8" style="background: #C5E0B3; border-left: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 425.05pt;" valign="top" width="567"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;">
<b>College Players in AVP Tour Rankings</b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.45pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.15pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Top 5</i></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 107.15pt;" valign="top" width="143"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Top 10</i></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 107.15pt;" valign="top" width="143"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Top 15</i></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 107.6pt;" valign="top" width="143"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Top 20</i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.45pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.35pt;" valign="top" width="68"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"># CP</i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.8pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">% CP</i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.35pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"># CP</i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.8pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">% CP</i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.35pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"># CP</i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.8pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">% CP</i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.35pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"># CP</i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.25pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">% CP</i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.45pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2013</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.35pt;" valign="top" width="68"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
0</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.8pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
0%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.35pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
0</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.8pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
0%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.35pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
1</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.8pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
6.7%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.35pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
2</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.25pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
10.0%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.45pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2014</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.35pt;" valign="top" width="68"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
1</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.8pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
20.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.35pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
2</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.8pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
20.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.35pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
2</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.8pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
13.3%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.35pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
2</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.25pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
10.0%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.45pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2015</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.35pt;" valign="top" width="68"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
0</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.8pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
0%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.35pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
1</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.8pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
10.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.35pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
3</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.8pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
20.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.35pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
3</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.25pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
15.0%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.45pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2016</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.35pt;" valign="top" width="68"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
3</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.8pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
60.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.35pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
3</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.8pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
30.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.35pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
3</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.8pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
20.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.35pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
3</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.25pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
15.0%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.45pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2017</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.35pt;" valign="top" width="68"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
2</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.8pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
40.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.35pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
5</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.8pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
50.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.35pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.8pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
46.7%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.35pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
9</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.25pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
45.0%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.45pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2018</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.35pt;" valign="top" width="68"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
2</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.8pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
40.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.35pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
6</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.8pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
60.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.35pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
11</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.8pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
73.3%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.35pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
13</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.25pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
65.0%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.45pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2019</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.35pt;" valign="top" width="68"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
2</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.8pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
40.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.35pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
5</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.8pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
50.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.35pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
9</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.8pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
60.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.35pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
12</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.25pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
60.0%</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
No college players were ranked in the Top 5 or 10 in
2013.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 2019, 40% of the Top 5 and 50%
of the Top 10 athletes on tour were college players.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During the same time, the percentage of
college players in the Top 15 grew from 6.7% in 2013 to 60% in 2019 (a 795.5%
increase) while those in the Top 20 grew from 10% in 2013 to 60% in 2019 (a 500%
increase).</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Comparing the 2013-2016 seasons with the 2017-2019
seasons within each increment shows a similar growth trend.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As shown in Table K, college players comprised
an increasing percentage of all top rankings on tour since 2013.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Table K:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>College Players in AVP Rankings by Period
2013-2016 and Period 2017-2019.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTable15Plain1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 582px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1; mso-yfti-lastfirstrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #C5E0B3; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.75pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; text-align: center;">
<b>Periods</b></div>
</td>
<td colspan="8" style="background: #C5E0B3; border-left: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 373.5pt;" valign="top" width="498"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;">
<b>College Players in AVP Tour Rankings – 2013-2016 and 2017-2019</b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.75pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Top 5</i></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Top 10</i></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Top 15</i></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Top 20</i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.75pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 33.2pt;" valign="top" width="44"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"># CP</i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.3pt;" valign="top" width="58"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">% CP</i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"># CP</i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">% CP</i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"># CP</i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">% CP</i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"># CP</i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">% CP</i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.75pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2013-2016</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 33.2pt;" valign="top" width="44"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
4</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.3pt;" valign="top" width="58"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
20.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
6</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
15.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
9</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
15.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
14</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
17.5%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.75pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2017-2019</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 33.2pt;" valign="top" width="44"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
6</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.3pt;" valign="top" width="58"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
40.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
16</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
53.3%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
27</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
60.0%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
34</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
56.7%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.75pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td colspan="8" style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 373.5pt;" valign="top" width="498"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Percent Change</b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.75pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
+100%</div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
+255.3%</div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
+300%</div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
+224%</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
The greatest growth occurred in the Top 15, where the
percentage of college players increased 300% from the 2013-2016 period to the 2017-2019
period.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The slowest growth occurred in
the Top 5, where college players have constituted 40% of the ranked players for
the last three season.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The percentage of
college players in the Top 5 increased 100% during the 2017-2019 period over
the period 2013-2016.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Path to the Pros –
Colleges and Universities</b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
College players in the pros represent a wide variety of
NCAA Division I schools.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Twenty-one different programs have had at
least one college player in the pros and nine programs have three or more
players with professional experience.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
USC leads all schools in terms of the number of players in
the pros (14) and the number of main draw appearances (147).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pepperdine and UCLA are second with 10
players each but Pepperdine players have 128 main draw appearances to UCLA’s 55.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Geographically, USC, Pepperdine and UCLA lead
the west while Florida State and Georgia State lead the east.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Florida State has 8 players in the pros with 67
main draw appearances and Georgia State has produced 6 professional players
with 44 appearances in the main draw since 2013.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
More complete lists of schools ranked by player
appearances in the main draw and number of players in the pros are set forth in
Figures 7 and 8 respectively.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Only five schools in the country have had player
representation in the main draw every year since 2013 – USC, Pepperdine,
Hawaii, Florida State, and Georgia State.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjy0z601tYprfsYD7ncBOUiL__26a3nDQ5OBqPn-3YR57H6ZIuF8mWR4kydVo0d7IGg0hcZn0IKVQPEoyLeqH41lF57_aTun70Hvx19abZIhBNyJRwTfnnaHKCTGtbjtlbP00LvT0N9_mWp/s1600/Figure+7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="334" data-original-width="575" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjy0z601tYprfsYD7ncBOUiL__26a3nDQ5OBqPn-3YR57H6ZIuF8mWR4kydVo0d7IGg0hcZn0IKVQPEoyLeqH41lF57_aTun70Hvx19abZIhBNyJRwTfnnaHKCTGtbjtlbP00LvT0N9_mWp/s1600/Figure+7.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Figure 7:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Top 10 College Programs Ranked by Number of
Player Appearances in Main Draw.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlRv-5K6P78aYjvZ2w04bnk56LkzdFPB6WmgB8z-Lb10wo7yyRAq35AgEf_enw7-2iPcHXUWsALkHkZNTiF9abUXUwJseLqYqrXaJv4YsLsqtWlHvZOzXWuVn1qKbDifrDRiQaYYuOMJU9/s1600/Figure+8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="335" data-original-width="572" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlRv-5K6P78aYjvZ2w04bnk56LkzdFPB6WmgB8z-Lb10wo7yyRAq35AgEf_enw7-2iPcHXUWsALkHkZNTiF9abUXUwJseLqYqrXaJv4YsLsqtWlHvZOzXWuVn1qKbDifrDRiQaYYuOMJU9/s1600/Figure+8.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Figure 8:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>College Programs Ranked by Number of Players
in the Pros (minimum 3).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Path to the Pros –
Likelihood of Becoming a Professional</b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
The NCAA estimates that only 2% of its athletes will go
pro.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The percentage in beach volleyball appears
to be more than twice that figure and continues to rise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To determine the approximate likelihood of
going pro we calculated the percentage of NCAA beach volleyball athletes in the
pros each season.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We did so by dividing the number of current
or former NCAA beach volleyball athletes in the pros each season by the number
of NCAA athletes on beach volleyball rosters for the corresponding academic year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Between 2013 and 2019 the percentage of all NCAA beach
volleyball athletes who made it to the pros grew from 1.7% to 4.6%<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>-<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>an increase
of 171.6%. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The data is presented in <span style="background: white; mso-shading-themecolor: background1;">Table L</span>.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Table L:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>NCAA Athletes in the Pros as Percentage of All
NCAA Beach Volleyball Athletes.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTable15Plain1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 432px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1; mso-yfti-lastfirstrow: yes;">
<td colspan="4" style="background: #C5E0B3; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 323.75pt;" valign="top" width="432"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; text-align: center;">
<b>Athletes in Pros as Percentage of All Beach Athletes</b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.75pt;" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Academic</span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Year</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"># NCAA Athletes</i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(All Divisions)</i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"># NCAA Athletes</i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">in the Pros</i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">% NCAA Athletes </i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">In the Pros</i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.75pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2011-12</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
204</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.75pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2012-13</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
416</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
1.7%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.75pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2013-14</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
611</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
12</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
1.9%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.75pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2014-15</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
747</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
19</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
2.5%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.75pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2015-16</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
909</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
26</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
2.9%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.75pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2016-17</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
1,070</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
35</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
3.3%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.75pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2017-18</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
1,165</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
48</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
4.1%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.75pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2018-19</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
1,312</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
60</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
4.6%</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Passage to the pros appears even more efficient when
looking only at D-I athletes. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As shown
in Table M, between 2013 and 2019 the percentage of NCAA D-I athletes who made
it to the pros grew from 1.7% in 2013 to 5.7% in 2019 – a percentage increase
of 235.3%.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>College players in the
professional ranks are associated exclusively with NCAA D-I schools.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Table M:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>NCAA Athletes in the Pros as Percentage of D-I
NCAA Beach Volleyball Athletes.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTable15Plain1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 432px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1; mso-yfti-lastfirstrow: yes;">
<td colspan="4" style="background: #C5E0B3; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 323.75pt;" valign="top" width="432"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;"><b>Athletes in Pros as Percentage
of D-I Beach Athletes</b></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.75pt;" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Academic</span></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Year</span></i></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"># NCAA Athletes</i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(D-I Only)</i></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"># NCAA Athletes</i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">in the Pros</i></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">% NCAA Athletes </i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">In the Pros</i></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.75pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2011-12</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;">204</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;">-</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.75pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2012-13</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;">405</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;">7</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;">1.7%</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.75pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2013-14</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;">594</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;">12</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;">2.0%</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.75pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2014-15</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;">691</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;">19</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;">2.7%</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.75pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2015-16</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;">758</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;">26</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;">3.2%</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.75pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2016-17</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;">878</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;">35</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;">4.0%</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.75pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2017-18</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;">935</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;">48</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;">5.0%</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.75pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2018-19</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;">1,053</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;">60</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk26999833;">5.7%</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">CONCLUSION</b><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
The data show that college beach volleyball players have
dramatically impacted the professional beach tour through near straight line
growth in participation and success rates.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In eight years since collegiate beach volleyball held its inaugural
season college players have become a fixture on the professional beach
volleyball tour.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>College players have
increased their presence in the final round of qualification, in the main draw,
in Top 3, Top 5 and Top 10 finishes, in finals and semi-finals appearances, as tournament
winners, and in their presence and positions in the professional rankings.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
While many of the implications of these developments are
uncertain some have come into vision.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Collegiate beach has become a path to the pros and is solidified as a
developmental and talent identification pipeline to professional and elite
competition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both the success of
collegiate beach for women and the absence of a parallel pipeline for men contributes
to an expanding gap between the depth of men’s and women’s elite beach
volleyball in the United States. Whether
the resulting implications will influence sport sponsorship in men’s collegiate
beach volleyball remains to be seen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
The data also suggest that while the professional ranks
are more accessible in beach volleyball than in most other sports, the
likelihood of going pro still is statistically improbable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whether and the extent to which professional
aspirations will influence players in their choice of college is an issue for
future research. </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br />
<a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mgUnS1x54e2UXdlRYjIKRV4JZsXhF5eQ/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">View</a> a PDF version of this Data Report.</div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<br />
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
National Collegiate Athletic Association. <i>1982-2019 NCAA Sports Sponsorship
and Participation Report</i>. Indianapolis, IN: National Collegiate Athletic
Association; 2019. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All sports
sponsorship and roster data are to this source.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>
The AVP did not have a full season in 2012.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The two events held in 2012 are excluded as they (i) were not part of a
full season, (ii) did not have qualifiers, and (iii) did not have full main draw
fields.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>AVP events includes only events
officially organized and sponsored by the AVP.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Events “presented by” the AVP in conjunction with the FIVB are excluded.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Entry into the main draw, directly or through
qualification, is the standard for classification as a “professional.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All participation and results data are cited
to bvbinfo.com as of December 22, 2019.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a>
Minimum three appearances.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a>
Minimum three appearances.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a>
College players are associated with the schools for which they competed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Transfers who played beach volleyball for
multiple schools are associated with the school from which they obtained their
highest degree.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Transfers who played an
equal number of seasons for multiple schools are associated with the school
from which they graduated. </div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7103692724965158855#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a>
“NCAA beach volleyball athletes” excludes college players committed to play
beach volleyball but who did not yet enroll and practice or compete in
college.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These “committed” athletes are
included within our definition of college players elsewhere throughout this
report.<br />
<br />
(c) 2019 Wayne D. Holly and Shane Spellman. All rights reserved. No fee may be charged for access to this report or its contents. </div>
</div>
</div>
Wayne D. Hollyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07073384046641234541noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7103692724965158855.post-73936361751056758942019-09-05T16:42:00.000-04:002020-05-06T13:45:39.434-04:00New Study Compares Indoor and Beach Volleyball Injury Data with Suprising ResultsNew research out of the University of Southern California provides some insight into injury rates and patterns across collegiate beach and indoor volleyball athletes. The findings are reported in <i>The Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine</i> (<a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/2325967119S00403" target="_blank">here</a>). Researchers analyzed injury reports for indoor and beach volleyball between 2015 and 2017. They found 90 indoor volleyball injuries and 49 beach volleyball injuries reported. Injury rates were standardized for both disciplines by normalizing total injuries by the number of athletes and sets played. Injury patterns were compared by organizing injuries according to six body regions - back, thorax, abdomen, lower extremity, upper extremity and head.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
The results suggest that beach volleyball is a safer sport but its players are more prone to back and abdomen injuries. Indoor volleyball athletes tended to sustain both more injuries overall and a higher proportion of injuries to the lower extremities. The researchers did not suggest an explanation for the findings.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJMVB63x_5waFNEMfTX6H7ZVrq7E_2Loj_8Tl-tOB2wyEyovMhI1fO9Z45X_M6Pkt7C8UKTzjYMfEmdQ0UBDihp1dTtNCKOcN3e42DB7R9Am408z_7kXY052hRjbtuq_QX-eICA-FEAjqY/s1600/Injury+Analysis+Graphics.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="367" data-original-width="935" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJMVB63x_5waFNEMfTX6H7ZVrq7E_2Loj_8Tl-tOB2wyEyovMhI1fO9Z45X_M6Pkt7C8UKTzjYMfEmdQ0UBDihp1dTtNCKOcN3e42DB7R9Am408z_7kXY052hRjbtuq_QX-eICA-FEAjqY/s640/Injury+Analysis+Graphics.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
Awareness of injury rates and patterns across both sports can be helpful to coaches who manage indoor, beach or cross-over athletes. The findings can assist strength coaches to design programs customized to the physical demands of the sports they oversee and can better position athletic trainers to implement optimal prehab and recovery protocols.Wayne D. Hollyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07073384046641234541noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7103692724965158855.post-62843875685480834722019-05-20T12:52:00.001-04:002020-05-06T13:43:30.945-04:00The Energetics of Beach Volleyball: How Collegiate Beach Athletes May Be at Risk for Low Energy Availability<b><i><span style="color: red;">Revised and Updated for 2019 </span></i></b><br />
<br />
<b><i>Introduction</i></b><br />
<br />
The number of women and girls playing sports in school is at an all time high. Female sport participation in college has steadily grown for decades and now exceeds 216,300 athletes.[1] Increased participation has followed new opportunities for women to compete through sport sponsorship and athletic aid.[2] As the NCAA's newest sport, beach volleyball is completing its 8th season of competition and its third as a championship sport. Since being added to the emerging sports list in 2009, the number of beach volleyball teams has grown steadily. In 2012, there were fifteen Division I teams and 204 players. By 2018, that number had increased to 68 teams across Divisions I, II and III and 1,165 players total.[3] As sport sponsorship has grown so has the number of players.[4] Sponsorship alone, however, is not the only factor driving growth. Beach volleyball rosters have expanded 25.7% since the sport's first season in 2012.[5] The average Division I roster size is now 17.3 players compared to 13.6 in the 2011-12 season.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdBqeCUAwC6Ifja4a89Q51kVAWDaRsQ06KUn8JbrdBg43cJ2q9XVmqERBnvaDagjQBxGfWMJxaaQVz-kQKMrYg-F9iou_kUszRASwOveO6Rtm3Q86QAgiSX3jyuEHuNVe4l4dHkdxmIvHH/s1600/Figure+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="265" data-original-width="414" height="255" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdBqeCUAwC6Ifja4a89Q51kVAWDaRsQ06KUn8JbrdBg43cJ2q9XVmqERBnvaDagjQBxGfWMJxaaQVz-kQKMrYg-F9iou_kUszRASwOveO6Rtm3Q86QAgiSX3jyuEHuNVe4l4dHkdxmIvHH/s400/Figure+1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
Beach volleyball's growth has expanded access to the extraordinary benefits women and girls derive from athletic participation.[6] It has also lead to a greater need to understand the unique health concerns of female athletes, including issues related to sex-specific physiology. As nearly 60% of head coaches for Division I beach volleyball programs are men,[7] exploring the interaction of the demands of beach volleyball and women's health serves an important educational purpose.<br />
<br />
In this article we'll explore the unique energy costs of playing beach volleyball to better understand the need for these female athletes to train and fuel properly for long term health and success.<br />
<br />
<b><i>Beach Volleyball - Physical Requirements and Physiological Demands</i></b><br />
<br />
Beach volleyball is a physically demanding outdoor sport played in all weather conditions.[8] Game tactics require players to move in multi-directional rapid bursts, across an 8x8 meter court, while explosively performing both vertical and horizontal jumping movements. The game is played in a best-of-three-sets match format with matches lasting 40-54 minutes depending on the number of sets played.[9]
Sets to 21 points last approximately 18 minutes[10] and consist of about 38
rallies.[11] A typical rally lasts about 7 seconds[12] during which players will jump on average 2.2 times, either blocking or attacking.[13]. Players compete in several matches over the course of a day and most events are contested over multiple days.[14] Physiologically, the game actions, tempo, and movement patterns make beach volleyball a game of intermittent high intensity exercise interspersed by frequent periods of brief rest.[15] At elite levels, players perform at approximately 75% of their maximum heart rate (about 146 bpm) throughout the match.[16] A third of the match is played in excess of 80% of HRmax.[17] According to data from Harvard Medical School, playing beach volleyball for 30 minutes burns between 240 and 355 calories, depending on playing weight.[18] <br />
<br />
The physical demands of beach volleyball are heightened by the surface on which it is played. Sand is difficult to maneuver in because it compresses and displaces at the point of contact.[19] As the surface moves, athletes experience a loss of potential kinetic and elastic energy, which decreases the overall efficiency of movement for the energy being exerted.[20] Some research has associated performing in sand with an increased load on the lower limb muscles because they work harder to stabilize the body as sand displaces during athletic movement.[21] As anyone who has gone to the beach knows, there's a sensation of having to exert more effort to move in sand than on a firm surface. The sand in beach volleyball is also highly unpredictable because it can vary in depth,[22] composition,[23] and temperature[24] from event to event. <br />
<br />
Perceived exertion while moving in sand is also associated with biomechanical adaptations during sand performance. Research has shown several changes in the way the ankle, knee flexor, and hip joints work during the stride and jump mechanics of beach volleyball when compared to similar actions performed on a rigid surface.[25] The biomechanical differences in the way the body functions in sand have been associated with a greater energy cost of performance. <br />
<br />
Lastly, there is a higher level of muscle activation and physiological strain associated with exercising on sand compared to a firm surface.[26] The sand thus imposes an additional physiological component to the demands of beach volleyball above those associated with performing the technical and tactical skills of the game. <br />
<br />
<b><i>Beach Volleyball - Energy Costs</i></b><br />
<br />
The energy costs of performing on sand have uniformly been shown to significantly exceed that of
performing on a rigid surface. When compared to firm surface activity, sand imposes a 1.8 to 2.7 times greater energy cost to walking,[27], a 1.2 to 1.6 times greater energy cost to running,[28], and a 1.2 times energy cost to jumping.[29]<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeEQ64L_egy34GKwMFAO2Si7SQFROMk_BJKNt5M1EZZji_3aK8lDX0kYP8g9oIGXxFNE82hnFwCfIWvJ2ZY1FEhHUWR1WI55rskfLR42IIfY6rIun490xvImQ7KsOfGlaVANJvTq51oBvF/s1600/Figure+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="251" data-original-width="411" height="242" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeEQ64L_egy34GKwMFAO2Si7SQFROMk_BJKNt5M1EZZji_3aK8lDX0kYP8g9oIGXxFNE82hnFwCfIWvJ2ZY1FEhHUWR1WI55rskfLR42IIfY6rIun490xvImQ7KsOfGlaVANJvTq51oBvF/s400/Figure+2.jpg" width="400" /></a>The energy cost of sand training means beach volleyball players exert greater energy pursuing the ball and jumping to serve, attack, and block than if they played indoors or on grass. Beach volleyball thus imposes unique energy demands on its players. The magnitude of the energy costs depends in part on the amount of sand displacement, which can vary based on the characteristics of the sand, including its granular composition, moisture content, and depth.[30] This is why beach volleyball players find it easier to jump in shallow and wet sand than in deep and dry sand. It also explains the difference players feel when they compete on traditionally "hard-packed" beaches, such as on the west coast of Florida, compared to deep sand beaches, such as in Hermosa Beach, California.<br />
<br />
In short, beach volleyball athletes expend substantially more energy playing their sport in sand than their athletic counterparts playing on firm surfaces when performing lateral moves, running, diving, and jumping.<br />
<br />
As collegiate beach volleyball attracts more women and girls into the sport, and the game itself continues to evolve, the unique physical and energy demands of the game must be understood within the context of the health and physiological needs of its female athletes.<br />
<br />
<b><i>Recent Study - Risk of Low Energy Availability in Beach Volleyball Athletes</i></b><br />
<br />
In 2017, Gilchrist et al. examined the energy availability and muscle glycogen levels of 18 NCAA Division I beach volleyball players (ages of 19 and 22 years old; weight 63.3 to 68.4 kilograms, and height 174.5 to 180.1 centimeters). <br />
<br />
The authors examined the participants' dietary intake, energy expenditure, and energy availability by evaluating a 7 day food and activity log. The players' resting metabolic rate (RMR) and muscle glycogen levels were measured before and after practice. The analysis revealed that 55.6% of the players were not eating enough to meet the caloric needs associated with the RMR. No players were eating enough carbohydrates, and 94.4% of the athletes were experiencing low energy availability. Overall, the authors concluded that female collegiate beach volleyball athletes are at risk of experiencing low energy levels.[31] The findings were associated with the players' inadequate dietary habits for the high energy demands of beach volleyball.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN1eLlWLTAWN3CZxJqoIDmJe9OF5hPDcEPi_f7CAVBR6Za9KhFpPuYKZ18U-8YNLHHy846zYW56jfaZ6xzGEqvpmVVzZpeUmpQAy5E-k4NihXRIzIK3oljMy4itxNu5VW3w3euLlIGtH8h/s1600/Figure+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="314" data-original-width="494" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN1eLlWLTAWN3CZxJqoIDmJe9OF5hPDcEPi_f7CAVBR6Za9KhFpPuYKZ18U-8YNLHHy846zYW56jfaZ6xzGEqvpmVVzZpeUmpQAy5E-k4NihXRIzIK3oljMy4itxNu5VW3w3euLlIGtH8h/s400/Figure+3.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<b><i>Low Energy Availability - Physiological Function and Performance</i></b><br />
<br />
Low energy availability among female athletes is a significant concern as it can inhibit an athlete's response to training and hinder her performance in competition. More importantly, low energy can be symptomatic of disordered eating behaviors which, if not diagnosed and treated, can lead to serious long term health consequences.<br />
<br />
LEA develops when athletes do not consume enough food to meet their specific energy requirements for training, competing, and normal physiological functioning.[32]. Adequate calorie intake is necessary to maintain lean tissue mass,
immune and reproductive function, and optimal athletic performance.[33] When supply is low the body works to conserve energy through a range of
endocrine adaptations that alter its ordinary functioning.[34] It also begins to burn fat and lean tissue as fuel, a process
that decreases muscle mass and impairs strength and endurance.[35] Female athletes with low energy intake have also been found to consume too few micronutrients and be at risk of experiencing deficiencies in calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc and the B-complex vitamins, among others.[36] Similar to inadequate caloric intake, micronutrient deficiencies can impair biological functioning and contribute to sub-optimal athletic performance.[37] <br />
<br />
Clearly, a beach volleyball player who is consuming less energy than is required to train and perform in her sport is at risk of suffering performance impairments. For this reason it is essential that beach players' caloric intake be monitored and adjusted to properly fuel their bodies for the energy demands of the sport.[38] This requires a coordinated effort among sport coaches, sport nutritionists, athletic trainers, and team doctors. While a number of studies indicate that female athletes are not consuming enough calories to meet their energy demands,[39] to date there is little research on the caloric burn or energy needs of female beach volleyball players in the collegiate game. The work of Gilchrist and her colleagues is an important contribution to our understanding, and reliable evidence that collegiate beach players may be at risk for low energy availability.<br />
<br />
<b><i>LEA - Female Athlete Triad</i></b><br />
<br />
The role of collegiate sport coaches is first to support and protect the long term health of athletes in their care. LEA thus raises concerns that run more deeply than an athlete's impaired athletic performance. Women and girls who experience low energy may be at risk for a triad of serious health conditions known collectively as the female athlete triad. <br />
<br />
The female athlete triad is a combination of interrelated conditions: (1) low energy availability, with or without disordered eating, (2) menstrual dysfunction, and (3) low bone mineral density.[40] The triad is considered a spectrum disorder meaning each condition is evaluated on a range from low to higher levels of pathology and any one condition can meet the criteria for diagnosis.[41] Low energy is widely considered the cornerstone, however, because it creates a risk of developing the other components of the triad.[42]<br />
<br />
We've posited that the high energy demands of beach volleyball may contribute to female players' susceptibility for LEA and noted that the latest research supports the view. In the following section we'll examine whether other aspects of collegiate beach volleyball contribute to the risk of LEA in female athletes. <br />
<br />
<b><i>LEA in Beach Volleyball</i></b><br />
<br />
<b><i>Body Image</i></b> <br />
<br />
While female athletes in any sport can develop low energy availability, some sport settings contribute to a greater prevalence of the condition. Studies have shown that athletes who perceive pressure to appear lean are more susceptible to the female athlete triad.[43] Beach volleyball has not traditionally been considered a lean-athlete sport in the category of dancing, gymnastics, running, and diving. However, the beach culture of the sport, in which participants traditionally have competed in bikinis, should not be ignored in a search for risk factors particularly in light of evidence that many female athletes report concern with the weight and shape of their body.[44] As the sport has become more professionalized uniform requirements have prohibited (college) and no longer require (international and Olympic) bikinis. The restrictions do not, however, apply to junior girls or collegiate players training outside of their school season. The drive in some female athletes to improve their body image on the beach could be considered a risk factor in beach volleyball.[45] <br />
<br />
<b><i>Time Demands - Eating Disruptions</i></b> <br />
<br />
As LEA is related directly to energy intake, collegiate beach volleyball athletes who skip meals to meet academic or training schedules (or simply to get more sleep) could be at risk of expending more energy than they are consuming. Time demands on collegiate athletes are intensive and may disrupt optimal eating patterns and choices.[46] The understanding of this risk for collegiate athletes suggests that it may be beneficial to monitor nutritional intake and educate players in time management skills that can mitigate the adverse impact of time demands on beach volleyball athletes' energy levels. <br />
<br />
<b><i>Dual Sport Athletes</i></b><br />
<br />
As many as 50% of Division I beach volleyball players are dual sport athletes who train and compete both for their school's indoor and beach teams.[47] Collegiate beach volleyball is thus unique in the high prevalence of athletes who have no official off-season and who may train and compete under different coaching and support staffs. As the two sports impose distinct energy demands on players, and the continuous nature of training in-season adds hours of additional training time to players schedules, the dual sport status of many players raises a substantial risk that energy consumption may be inadequate to meet energy demands.<br />
<br />
Sport coaches with dual sport athletes should implement energy and nutrition monitoring protocols to ensure female athletes are not at risk of developing low energy stores. The services of a sports dietitian educated in the unique energy requirements and physiological demands of beach volleyball should also be made available to players as education has been shown to improve nutritional intake and knowledge in collegiate volleyball players.[48]<br />
<br />
<b><i>Conclusion</i></b><br />
<br />
The presence of LEA in female beach players is particularly concerning
given the unique energy demands of the sport and current diagnostic guidelines. Low energy alone could meet the
criteria for diagnosis of the female athlete triad and certainly should trigger further evaluation
and monitoring. Sport coaches should thus be educated in the risks of
LEA, skilled in identifying symptoms, and prepared to seek
professional assistance from outside the staff. Identification and
treatment requires a multidisciplinary, coordinated approach as early intervention and treatment are essential to the avoidance of long
term health consequences for female beach volleyball players.[49]<br />
<br />
<b>Acknowledgement</b><u><b> </b></u><br />
<br />
I am grateful to Mary Mulcahey, M.D., Director of the Women's Sports Medicine Program & Associate Professor in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Tulane University, for reviewing an earlier draft of this article and providing invaluable editorial assistance.<br />
<br />
<u><b>References</b></u><br />
<br />
[1] National Collegiate Athletic Association. <i>1982-2018 NCAA Sports Sponsorship and Participation Report</i>.
Indianapolis, IN: National Collegiate Athletic Association; 2018.
Sports Sponsorship, Participation and Demographics Search [Data file].
Retrieved from http://web1.ncaa.org/rgdSearch/exec/main. Participation
rates are only for female athletes enrolled in NCAA member institutions
and participating in sports for which the NCAA conducts championships.
Participation and sport sponsorship data used throughout this article
is through the 2017-18 academic year and as of October 2018.<br />
<br />
[2]
In 2016-17, there were 149 women's team added at NCAA institutions and
87 women's teams dropped, making it a slow year of growth for women's
sports. Since 1988-89, more than 5,536 women's teams were added to NCAA
athletic
programs, resulting in a net gain of 3,386 teams after adjusting for
changes in sports sponsorship. The average net gain for women's sports
teams over the last 18 years is 188.3 teams per year. Compared to
1981-82 (when the detailed records began), the average NCAA campus has
approximately 96 more female athletes. National Collegiate Athletic Association. <i>1982-2017 NCAA Sports Sponsorship and Participation Report</i>.
Indianapolis, IN: National Collegiate Athletic Association; 2018.
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 requires that scholarship
dollars be spent proportional to participation. 20 U.S.C. <span class="contentText">§</span><span class="contentText">§</span> 1681 <i>et seq</i>.; <span class="contentText">34 C.F.R. § 106.37(c).</span> <br />
<br />
[3] National Collegiate Athletic Association. <i>1982-2018 NCAA Sports Sponsorship and Participation Report</i>.
Indianapolis, IN: National Collegiate Athletic Association; 2018 (68
teams). NCAA Sports Sponsorship and Participation Rates Database [Data file]. Retrieved from http://www.ncaa.org/about/resources/research/ncaa-sports-sponsorship-and-participation-rates-database (68 teams). Participation
rates are limited to female athletes enrolled in NCAA member
institutions. As many as 392 additional women compete on 32 NAIA and
junior college beach volleyball teams. American Volleyball Coaches
Association. <i>College Beach Volleyball By the Numbers</i>.
Lexington, KY: American Volleyball Coaches Association; July 2017.
Retrieved from
https://www.avca.org/res/uploads/media/CollegeBeachVB-ByTheNumbers-6-17-.pdf.<br />
<br />
[4] According to the American Volleyball
Coaches Association (AVCA), 50% of Division I rosters are comprised of dual sport athletes - athletes who play both indoor and beach volleyball. American Volleyball Coaches
Association. <i>2017 AVCA College Beach Volleyball Survey</i> <i>Results - 64 Teams</i>.
Lexington, KY: American Volleyball Coaches Association; June 22, 2017. Sport sponsorship therefore provides new <i>collegiate</i> participation opportunities to approximately 50% of the female athletes on beach volleyball rosters and new <i>sport</i> participation opportunities to 100% of those athletes. <br />
<br />
[5] Compare the average roster size of 13.6 in 2011-12 (15 D-I teams and 204 players) to the average roster size of 17.1 in 2017-18 across all Divisions (68 teams and 1165 players).<br />
<br />
[6] Girls who participate in organized sports have a more positive self image and are at lower risk for teen pregnancy, substance abuse, suicide, and depression. Sports participation by young girls also positively correlates with improved academic achievement in math and science. Staurowsky, E.J., DeSousa, M.J., Miller, K.E, Sabo, D., Shakib, S., Theberge, N., Veliz, P., Weaver, A. & Williams, N. (2015). <i>Her life depends on it III: Sport, physical activity and the health and well being of American girls and women</i>. East Meadow, NY: Women's Sports Foundation.<br />
<br />
[7] Independent survey of NCAA D-I beach volleyball coaching staffs conducted by Shane Spellman, Director of Beach Volleyball, Grit Volleyball Club. <br />
<br />
[8] See, e.g., Ulmer, A., "Beach Volleyball: It Even Rains on Copacobana." 10 Aug. 2016, www.reuters.com/article/us-olympics-rio-bvolleyball-weather/beach-volleyball-it-even-rains-on-copacabana-idUSKCN10L24Q (describing rainy, windy, and cold conditions during beach volleyball events of 2016 Summer Olympic Games in Rio); Robertson, L., "No matter the weather in London, beach volleyball goes on." 31 July 2012, http://www.miamiherald.com/sports/article1941619.html (describing rainy, cold conditions during beach volleyball events of 2012 Summer Olympic Games in London); Martin, D.E. (1998). Measurement of climatic heat stress at outdoor venues for endurance events at the Atlanta Olympic Games, 1996. <i>Sports Medicine Training & Rehabilitation</i>, 8 (4), 321-46 (describing relationship between temperature and beach volleyball players' health and performance during 2008 Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta).<br />
<br />
[9] Hayrinen, M., & Tampouratzis, K. (2012). Technical and tactical game analysis of elite female beach volleyball. <i>KIHU Research Institute for Olympic Sports</i>
Pub. No. 37, 10. Two set matches averaged 39 minutes 42 seconds. Three set matches averaged 53 minutes 41 seconds. <br />
<br />
[10] Hayrinen, M., & Tampouratzis, K. (2012). Technical and tactical game analysis of elite female beach volleyball. <i>KIHU Research Institute for Olympic Sports</i> Pub. No. 37, 10. Set duration for 15 point third sets averaged 14 minutes 24 seconds. Id. We've chosen to include data only from the
women's game as the physical demands of women's beach volleyball are
more relevant to the issue under discussion than the different
requirements of the men's game.<br />
<br />
[11] Hayrinen, M., & Tampouratzis, K. (2012). Technical and tactical game analysis of elite female beach volleyball. <i>KIHU Research Institute for Olympic Sports</i> Pub. No. 37, 10. <br />
<br />
[12] Palao, J.M., Lopez-Martinez, A.B. & Ortega, E. (2015). Physical actions and work-rest time in women's beach volleyball, <i>International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport</i>, 15, 424-429 (mean rally length of 6.46 during 2008 Olympic Games); Hayrinen, M., & Tampouratzis, K. (2012). Technical and tactical game analysis of elite female beach volleyball. <i>KIHU Research Institute for Olympic Sports</i> Pub. No. 37, 10 (average rally length of 6.9 seconds in FIVB World Tour and European Championships).<br />
<br />
[13] Palao, J.M., Lopez-Martinez, A.B. & Ortega, E. (2015). Physical actions and work-rest time in women's beach volleyball, <i>International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport</i>, 15, 424-429. Jumping requirements are slightly higher for blockers than defenders.<br />
<br />
[14] Collegiate and domestic professional beach volleyball events are most commonly contested over two (2) days. International events are played over a period of 2-3 days (excluding the qualifier event preceding the main draw competition). The Olympic beach volleyball tournaments for each gender are contested over a period of two (2) weeks.<br />
<br />
[15] Magalhaes, J., Inacio, M., Oliveira, E., Ribeiro, J.C. & Ascensao, A. (2011). Physiological and neuromuscular impact of beach-volleyball with reference to fatigue and recovery. <i>Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness</i>, 51, 66-73.<br />
<br />
[16] Magalhaes, J., Inacio, M., Oliveira, E., Ribeiro, J.C. & Ascensao,
A. (2011). Physiological and neuromuscular impact of beach-volleyball
with reference to fatigue and recovery. <i>Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness</i>, 51, 66-73 (approximately 75% - male players); Jimenez-Olmedo, J.M., Pueo, B, Penichet-Tomas, A., Chinchilla-Mira.,
J.J. & Perez-Turpin, J.A. (2017). Physiological work areas in
professional beach volleyball: a case study. <i>Retos: Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica (FEADEF)</i>, 31, 94-97 (players' median max heart rate between 71.71% and 84.78%).<br />
<br />
[17] Magalhaes, J., Inacio, M., Oliveira, E., Ribeiro, J.C. & Ascensao,
A. (2011). Physiological and neuromuscular impact of beach-volleyball
with reference to fatigue and recovery. <i>Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness</i>, 51, 66-73.<br />
<br />
[18] "Calories burned in 30 minutes for people of three different weights." <i>Harvard Health Publishing</i>, 2004, July. (Updated, 17 March 2017), www.health.harvard.edu/diet-and-weight-loss/calories-burned-in-30-minutes-of-leisure-and-routine-activities.<br />
<br />
[19] Binnie, M.J., Dawson, B., Pinnington, H., Landers, G. & Peeling, P. (2004). Effect of sand versus grass training surfaces during an 8-week pre-season conditioning programme in team sports athletes. <i>Journal of Sports Science</i>, 32(11), 1001-1012 (overcoming the lack of initial fixed resistance in sand requires greater exertion of effort and expenditure of energy).<br />
<br />
[20] Gaudino, P., Gaudino, C., Alberti, G., & Minetti., A. (2013). Biomechanics and predicted energetics of sprinting on sand: Hints for soccer training. <i>Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport</i> 16, 271-275; Zamparo, P., Perini, R., Orizio, C., Sacher, M., & Ferretti, G., (1992). The energy cost of walking or running on sand. <i>European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology</i>, 65(2), 183-187. See Lejeune, T.M., Williams, P.A., Heglund, N.C. (1998). Mechanics and energetics of human locomotion on sand. <i>Journal of Experimental Biology</i>. 201(Pt 13), 2071-2080.<br />
<br />
[21] Zamparo, P., Perini, R., Orizio, C., Sacher, M., & Ferretti, G., (1992). The energy cost of walking or running on sand. <i>European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology</i>, 65(2), 183-187; Lejeune, T.M., Williams, P.A., Heglund, N.C. (1998). Mechanics and energetics of human locomotion on sand. <i>Journal of Experimental Biology</i>. 201(Pt 13), 2071-2080. <br />
<br />
[22] Sand must be at least 40 centimeters deep and comprised of fine, loosely compacted grains for international competition. Federation Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB), Official Beach Volleyball Rules, Rule 1.2.2 (2001-2020); USA Volleyball Beach Domestic Competition Regulations, Rule 1.2.2 (2015-17). Maximum depth is unregulated.<br />
<br />
[23] The sand should be "levelled . . . as flat and uniform as possible" on a playing surface "free of rocks, shells and anything else, which can represent risks of cuts or injuries to the players." Federation Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB), Official Beach Volleyball Rules, Rule 1.2.1 (2001-2020); USA Volleyball Beach Domestic Competition Regulations, Rule 1.2.2 (2015-17).<br />
<br />
[24] The sand reportedly reached 107 degrees (F) during the 2004 Summer Olympic Games (Athens, Greece). "Sand Reaches 107 Degrees." <i>ESPN</i>, 22 Aug. 2004, http://www.espn.com/olympics/summer04/volleyball/news/story?id=1864959.<br />
<br />
[25] <span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"> Giatsis, G., Panoutsakopoulos & Kollias, I. (2017). Biomechanical differences of arm swing
countermovement jumps on sand and rigid surface performed by elite beach volleyball players. <i>Journal of Sports Sciences</i>, 36, 997-1008 (compliance
of sand adversely impacts coordination of lower limb joints); </span></span>Giatsis, G., Kollias, I., Panoutsakopoulos, V. & Papaiakovou, G.
(2007). Biomechanical differences in elite beach volleyball players in
vertical squat jump on rigid and sand surface. <i>Sports Biomechanics</i>, 3, 145-158; Pinnington, H.C., Lloyd, D.G., Beiser, T.F. & Dawson, B. (2005).
Kinematic and electromyography analysis of submaximal differences
running on a firm surface compared with soft, dry sand. <i>European
Journal of Applied Physiology</i>, 94, 242-253 (greater hip and knee flexion
angles observed while running on sand); see also Muramatsu, S., Fukudome, A., Miyama, M., Arimoto, M., & Kijima, A. (2006). Energy expenditure in maximal jumps on sand. <i> Journal of Physiological Anthropology</i>, 25(1), 59-61 (decreased efficiency in coordinating body segments to jump in sand could be associated with greater energy expenditure).<br />
<br />
[26] Pinnington, H.C., Lloyd, D.G., Beiser, T.F. & Dawson, B. (2005).
Kinematic and electromyography analysis of submaximal differences
running on a firm surface compared with soft, dry sand. <i>European
Journal of Applied Physiology</i>, 94, 242-253.<br />
<br />
[27] Lejeune, T.M., Williams, P.A., Heglund, N.C.. (1998). Mechanics and energetics of human locomotion on sand. <i>Journal of Experimental Biology</i>. 201(Pt 13), 2071-2080; Zamparo, P., Perini, R., Orizio, C., Sacher, M., & Ferretti, G., (1992). The energy cost of walking or running on sand. <i>European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology</i>, 65(2), 183-187.<br />
<br />
[28] Gaudino, P., Gaudino, C., Alberti, G., & Minetti., A. (2013).
Biomechanics and predicted energetics of sprinting on sand: Hints for
soccer training. <i>Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport</i> 16, 271-275; Pinnington, H.C. & Dawson, B. (2001). Running economy of elite surf iron men and male runners on soft dry beach sand and grass. <i>European Journal of Applied Physiology</i>, 86, 62-70; Pinnington, H.C. & Dawson, B. (2001). The energy cost of running on grass compared to soft dry sand. <i>Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport</i>, 4(4), 416-430; Lejeune, T.M., Williams, P.A., Heglund, N.C.. (1998). Mechanics and energetics of human locomotion on sand. <i>Journal of Experimental Biology</i>. 201(Pt 13), 2071-2080; Zamparo, P., Perini, R., Orizio, C., Sacher, M., & Ferretti, G., (1992). The energy cost of walking or running on sand. <i>European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology</i>, 65(2), 183-187.<br />
<br />
[29] Muramatsu, S., Fukudome, A., Miyama, M., Arimoto, M., & Kijima, A. (2006). Energy expenditure in maximal jumps on sand. <i> Journal of Physiological Anthropology</i>, 25(1), 59-61.<br />
<br />
[30] Pinnington, H.C. & Dawson, B. (2001). Running economy of elite surf
iron men and male runners on soft dry beach sand and grass. <i>European Journal of Applied Physiology</i>, 86, 62-70. <br />
<br />
[31] Gilchrist, M., Torres-McGehee, T., Minori, M., Emerson, D., & Pritchett, K. (2017). Energy Availability and Muscle Glycogen Levels in Division I Beach Volleyball Athletes. <i>Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise</i>, 49(5S) Supplement I, 13-14. Previous research focused only on indoor volleyball. Woodruff, S.J. & Meloche, R.D. (2013). Energy Availability of Female Varsity Volleyball Players. <i>International Journal of Sports Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism</i>, 23, 24-30.<br />
<br />
[32] There is some evidence that female athletes' energy needs increase above normal levels for her physical activity during the luteal (premenstrual) phase of the menstrual cycle. Thomas, D.T., Erdman, K.A. & Burke, L.M. (2016). Position of the
academy of nutrition and dietetics, dietitians of Canada, and the
American college of sports medicine: Nutrition and athletic performance. <i> Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</i>, 116(3), 501-528 (citing Manore, M. & Thompson, J., Energy requirements of the athlete: Assessment and evidence of energy efficiency. in: L. Burke, V. Deakin (Eds.) Clinical Sports Nutrition. 5th ed. McGraw-Hill, Sydney-Australia: 2015, 114-139.).<br />
<br />
[33] American College of Sports Medicine, American Dietetic Association;
Dietitians of Canada. Joint Position Statement: Nutrition and Athletic
Performance. <i>Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise</i>. 2000, 32, 2130-2145. <br />
<br />
[34] Female
Recreational Exercisers At Risk For Low Energy
Availability, Slater, J, McLay-Cook, R., Brown, R. & Black, K.
(2016). <i> International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise</i>, 26(5),
421-427. <br />
<br />
[35] American College of Sports Medicine, American Dietetic Association;
Dietitians of Canada. Joint Position Statement: Nutrition and Athletic
Performance. <i>Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise</i>. 2000, 32, 2130-2145. <br />
<br />
[36] Thomas, D.T., Erdman, K.A., Burke, L.M. (2016). Position of the
academy of nutrition and dietetics, dietitians of Canada, and the
American college of sports medicine: Nutrition and athletic performance.
Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 116(3), 501-528;
Silva, M-R.G. & Paiva, T. (2014). Low energy availability and low body fat
of female gymnasts before an international competition. <i>Applied Sport Sciences</i>, 15(7), 591-599.<br />
<br />
[37] Lukaski, H.C., Vitamin and mineral status: Effects on physical performance. (2004). <i>Nutrition</i>, 20 (7-8), 632-644.<br />
<br />
[38] Monitoring athletes' energy intake may be particularly effective as
there is evidence that athletes with low energy availability do not
experience increased appetite. Hubert, P., King, N.A., Blundell,
J.E. (1998). Uncoupling the effects of energy expenditure and energy
intake: Appetite response to short-term energy deficit induced by meal
omission and physical activity. <i>Appetite</i>, 31(1), 9-19.<br />
<br />
[39] Shriver, L.H., Betts, N.M., Wollenberg, G. (2015). Dietary
Intakes and Eating Habits of College Athletes: Are Female College
Athletes Following the Current Sports Nutrition Standards? <i>Journal of American College Health</i>, 61, 10-16 (75% of participants not consuming enough carbs to minimally support energy for training); Hoogenboom, B., Morris, J., Morris, C., Schaefer, K. (2009). Nutritional knowledge and eating behaviors of female, collegiate swimmers. <i>North American Journal of Sports Physical Therapy</i>, 4, 139-148.<br />
<span style="color: red;"></span><br />
[40] American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Committee on Adolescent Healthcare. Committee Opinion 702: Female Athlete Triad. Obstetrician Gynecologist, 2017, 129(6), e160-e167; Nattiv, A., Loucks, A.B., Mannore, M.M., Sanborn, C.F., Sundgot-Borgen, J., Warren, M.P.
(2007). American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. The female athlete
triad, <i>Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise</i>, 39(10), 1867-1882.<br />
<br />
[41] <span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;">DeSousa, M.J., Nattiv, A., Joy, E. <i>et al</i>. (2014). Female Athlete Triad Coalition Consensus Statement on Treatment and Return to Play of the Female Athlete Triad: First International Conference held in San Francisco, California, May 2012 and Second International Conference held in Indianapolis, Indiana, May 2013. <i>British Journal of Sports Medicine</i>, 48(4), 289.</span></span><br />
<br />
[42] Nattiv, A., Loucks, A.B., Mannore, M.M., Sanborn, C.F., Sundgot-Borgen, J., Warren, M.P.
(2007). American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. The female athlete
triad, <i>Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise</i>, 39(10), 1867-1882. The International Olympic Committee proposed renaming the triad the "relative energy deficiency in sport" or "RED-S." Mountjoy, M., Sundgot-Borgen, J., Burke, L., Carter, S., Constantini, N., Lebrun, C., et al. (2014). The IOC consensus statement: beyond the Female Athlete Triad--Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S). <i>British Journal of Sports Medicine</i>, 48(7), 491-497.<br />
<br />
[43] American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Committee on
Adolescent Healthcare. Committee Opinion 702: Female Athlete Triad.
Obstetrician Gynecologist, 2017, 129(6), e160-e167. Reinking, M.F., Alexander, L.E. (2005). Prevalence of disordered-eating behaviors in undergraduate female collegiate athletes and nonathletes. <i>Journal of Athletic Training</i>, 40(1), 47-51.<br />
<br />
[44] Frederic, D.A., Peplau, L.A., Lever, J. (2006). The swimsuit issues: Correlates of body image in a sample of 52,677 heterosexual adults. <i>Body Image</i>, 3, 413-419.<br />
<br />
[45] Koidou, E., Papadopoulou, S., Thoma, F., Euaggelinou, C. (2016). Body dissatisfaction and body image of female athletes with normal body weight. <i>Clinical Nutrition EPEN</i>, 13, e63; Bucchianeri, M.M., Arikian, A.J., Hannan, P.J., Eisenberg, M.E., Neumark-Sztainer, D. (2013). Body dissatisfaction from adolescence to young adulthood: Findings from a 10-year longitudinal study. <i>Body Image</i>, 10(1), 1-7.<br />
<br />
[46] Quatromoni, P.A., Clinical observations from nutritional services in college athletics. (2008). <i>Journal of the American Dietetic Association</i>, 108(4), 689-694.<br />
<br />
[47] American Volleyball Coaches
Association. <i>2017 AVCA College Beach Volleyball Survey</i> <i>Results - 64 Teams</i>.
Lexington, KY: American Volleyball Coaches Association; June 22, 2017. <br />
<br />
[48] Vallient, M.W, Emplaincourt, H.P., Wenzel, R.K. & Garner, B.H.
(2012). Nutrition education by a registered dietitian improves dietary
intake and nutrition knowledge of a NCAA female volleyball team. <i>Nutrients</i>, 4(6), 506-516.<br />
<br />
[49] Screening incoming and returning athletes for low energy availability could be an important intervention by NCAA member institutions. Logue, D.M., Madigan, S.M., Heinen, M., McDonnell, SJ, Delahunt, E. & Corish, C.A. (2018). Screening for risk of low energy availability in athletic and recreationally active females in Ireland. <i>European J. Sports Science</i>, 19(1), 112-122.Wayne D. Hollyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07073384046641234541noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7103692724965158855.post-28475986697379058132019-05-16T13:41:00.001-04:002020-05-06T13:48:06.790-04:00Measuring Performance for Practice Design and Beach Player Development<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglQRKJ233d1Jg1jfD1sI9zwDa0yTM4wxKF2kM-u4M0FLKTcxjRHzbke4KGm8uOywM8j1BuZynI1NYMAZodUoBM7Oqyg3P_8A6bDag3Le21dxEffmxSn0sTC4OljohVOaSNAfimdApU1x5e/s1600/AVCA+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="781" data-original-width="603" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglQRKJ233d1Jg1jfD1sI9zwDa0yTM4wxKF2kM-u4M0FLKTcxjRHzbke4KGm8uOywM8j1BuZynI1NYMAZodUoBM7Oqyg3P_8A6bDag3Le21dxEffmxSn0sTC4OljohVOaSNAfimdApU1x5e/s1600/AVCA+1.jpg" title="Measuring Performance for Practice Design and Beach Player Development" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvUDrj4ujZFL_uur5XaTjVaDlta41V5mqxBtuU9xD6RMo0I8gTMriX2UjPrUdAvhdZ1e7YiJg1M0E2JyFCA43pB0xMb2REtjUW75yTiOt1KMNOIVIj-4hv8_N2DSUNKNYsXMpWFPXbFRkl/s1600/AVCA+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="784" data-original-width="603" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvUDrj4ujZFL_uur5XaTjVaDlta41V5mqxBtuU9xD6RMo0I8gTMriX2UjPrUdAvhdZ1e7YiJg1M0E2JyFCA43pB0xMb2REtjUW75yTiOt1KMNOIVIj-4hv8_N2DSUNKNYsXMpWFPXbFRkl/s1600/AVCA+2.jpg" title="Measuring Performance for Practice Design and Beach Player Development" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPISKZUi_bgwtoE5xoJEQS7BPNK0QthRQGbsLBZfXvBx0Cdh-6i4yi2nr2p3tLpN8j9U9PmI2ox32csKe18rSnZ0rqfcXiL4YFk4jXqOSrp9hhtj0ut-hVKhD4Jjs0aHo3KuvfW254zzpv/s1600/AVCA+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="782" data-original-width="604" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPISKZUi_bgwtoE5xoJEQS7BPNK0QthRQGbsLBZfXvBx0Cdh-6i4yi2nr2p3tLpN8j9U9PmI2ox32csKe18rSnZ0rqfcXiL4YFk4jXqOSrp9hhtj0ut-hVKhD4Jjs0aHo3KuvfW254zzpv/s1600/AVCA+3.jpg" title="Measuring Performance for Practice Design and Beach Player Development" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXglF9Ntd-M0gxsBv9gptsf6kL3wabtu0_YSrjQQYG-Ayb9urH66C7iBMtFxJFTuMIexiv7vOgqfUrn-Ex-wggXcBfVov30bSTMX9HK3jLlWbk621j4VdUE3Owf1VTNoEmoAcG6jtevOxL/s1600/AVCA+4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="781" data-original-width="603" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXglF9Ntd-M0gxsBv9gptsf6kL3wabtu0_YSrjQQYG-Ayb9urH66C7iBMtFxJFTuMIexiv7vOgqfUrn-Ex-wggXcBfVov30bSTMX9HK3jLlWbk621j4VdUE3Owf1VTNoEmoAcG6jtevOxL/s1600/AVCA+4.jpg" title="Measuring Performance for Practice Design and Beach Player Development" /></a></div>
<br />Wayne D. Hollyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07073384046641234541noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7103692724965158855.post-39666128445891279222015-12-17T14:54:00.001-05:002020-05-06T13:48:54.151-04:00Fuel Inject Your Practice Plan Through the Art and Science of MotivationThe American Volleyball Coaches Association (AVCA) recently determined that collegiate beach volleyball has a smaller percentage of its season devoted to competition than any other NCAA Division I women's sport. In a 22 week season only 8 are allowed for competition with the remainder reserved solely for practice and conditioning. In many programs, players start training in late August but don't compete until early March. That's a lot of training, a lot of waiting, and a lot of opportunity for motivation to wane.<br />
<br />
So that got me thinking, what is the coaches' role in sparking motivation and why should we care
about it all? Given evidence that motivation can be as important to performance than intelligence, ability, and even financial reward, better understanding the puzzle of motivation may drive us to become better for and to our players.<br />
<br />
In the following sections we'll take a look at some principles of motivation culled from scientific research and explore some methods for bringing those principles to practice. <br />
<br />
<b><i>Progress</i></b><br />
<b><i><br /></i></b>
<b><i>Progress in Principle </i></b><br />
<br />
Nothing sparks motivation like progress. Of all the events that can spark a person's drive to perform, the single most important is making progress in meaningful work, says Teresa Amabile, whose work on motivation in the workplace appears in her insightful book, <i>The Progress Principle</i>.<br />
<br />
According to Amabile, a consistent amount of even minor success is more frequently associated with high motivation than any other workday event. People, it seems, have their best days when they feel like they accomplish something, even if its not a major breakthrough. In fact, just movement in the right direction can be enough to boost people's emotions and perception of the work. "When people sense they're making headway, their drive to succeed is at its peak," she says. The "power of small wins" can make all the difference in how people feel and perform.<br />
<br />
<img alt="" src="https://hbr.org/resources/images/article_assets/hbr/1001/R1001A_A.gif" /><br />
Figure I. <br />
<br />
So if this all seems obvious to you (of course people are more motivated when they're doing well) then you're ahead of the many managers Amabile studied. Not only did she find that companies made little effort to enable progress in the workplace, when asked to rank factors that might inspire motivation, managers ranked "progress" dead last.<br />
<br />
It seems that the power of progress is both great and overlooked.<br />
<br />
The exciting news is that, like workplace managers, we coaches have a wonderful opportunity to facilitate progress in how we choose to interact with our teams. We must creatively work everyday to ensure we're shaping an environment in which progress can be identified, enjoyed and celebrated. Opportunities for meaningful accomplishment must be woven into our daily routines. That's where the art of coaching comes into play.<br />
<br />
<i><b>Progress in Practice </b></i><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="371">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:107%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
There are a lot of things we can do in practice to nurture progress.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Among them, l</span>et players know why they're doing what they’re
doing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If it’s a drill – why that activity? If its game – why that scoring system?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tell
everyone what the goal is and make it <i>challenging</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">attainable</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Have a back-up
way to measure progress even if a goal is not attained.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Was performance closer than yesterday, last
week, last month?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Track performance from
day to day, week to week, even year to year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Keep data and review it periodically for opportunities to show
improvement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Day to day a player may
feel like she hasn’t changed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Show her
results trending over a few months and it’s a great visual image of what she’s
becoming.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Movement in the right
direction is a powerful catalyst.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Videotape performance as much as possible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s an investment worth making for many
reasons, not the least of which is you never know when archived footage can be a
great motivator.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Show a</span> player
who thinks she’s in a rut what she looked like a year ago – she’ll see progress
and be energized from the experience.<br />
<br /></div>
<i><b>Setbacks</b></i><br />
<br />
If progress is the best motivator, setbacks can have the opposite effect. Some research suggests that setbacks can be even more negative than progress is positive in its impact on motivational drive. For this reason coaches should plan carefully what we ask of our players. Think carefully what goals we set and activities we design. Work with players to customize how we challenge them, and perhaps most of all be cognizant of how outside influences have colored the day. Our players have busy lives and may suffer setbacks before they even get to practice from home, work or class. The design of practice should include ways to neutralize those setbacks and allow some meaningful progress to fuel their motivational fire.<br />
<br />
In addition to neutralizing setbacks we need to help change how setbacks are viewed. Experiencing and dealing with setbacks is an essential part of the learning process, it's how we characterize them that matters. We can minimize the impact of setbacks by emphasizing the good in them. Perhaps nowhere is this more possible than in our approach to mistakes. By encouraging experimental error and facilitating improvement through mistakes we can lead our players to a mindset of growth
and awaken their senses to what is possible.<br />
<br />
[This is Part I of a two part series. In Part II, we'll continue to look at motivation from the standpoint of autonomy and purpose and discuss ways to incorporate those elements into our practices as well.Wayne D. Hollyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07073384046641234541noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7103692724965158855.post-72509365052874905592015-11-29T00:11:00.000-05:002020-05-06T13:49:41.464-04:00Examining the Impact of an Attacker's Handedness on Anticipatory Judgments in Volleyball<i>Introduction</i> <br />
<br />
An athlete's left-handedness has a distinctly
negative impact on an opponents' perceptual judgments. This perceptual challenge leads lefties to a
distinct advantage in interactive sports.<span style="font-size: x-small;">[1]</span> In
particular, left-handers' movements are more difficult to anticipate
than
those of their right-handed counterparts and the condition appears
across a variety of sports including, soccer, volleyball, and tennis.<span style="font-size: x-small;">[2]</span> <br />
<br />
<i>Why are Lefties Harder to Read?</i> <br />
<br />
In
the search for why, the emerging consensus is that athletes are
under-exposed to left-handers and thus possess a greater lack of
perceptual familiarity with their sport-specific movements. Since the
skill of anticipation depends heavily on accurately assessing
the kinematic cues of opponents, less exposure to those cues equates to
less
opportunities to learn and a resulting disadvantage in reading
performance.<span style="font-size: x-small;">[3]</span> In other words, skilled
perceptual judgment is attuned to more frequently encountered actions.
Indeed, this principle has lead one research group to observe, "[i]n
volleyball players, the repetitive confrontation primarily with
right-handed opponents in practice and competition is likely to explain
better performance against right-handers.<span style="font-size: x-small;">[4]</span><br />
<br />
So
this takes us to left-handedness in volleyball. If lefties do have an
advantage, how far does it extend into the sport and can the advantage
be neutralized? These issues and others have important implications for
coaching professionals teaching tactical decisions, designing practice
environments, and recruiting athletes to their programs.<br />
<br />
<i>Original Research - Anticipation of Shot Direction </i><br />
<br />
As previously reported in an earlier post (<i>Reading Revisited: The Challenge of Reading Left-Handers in Volleyball</i>) (available <a href="http://teachingvolleyball.blogspot.com/2012/09/reading-revisited-challenge-of-reading.html" target="_blank">here</a>),
researchers in 2012 sought to determine whether left-handed opponents
were more difficult to read when attacking a volleyball by asking groups
of skilled and novice players to predict the shot directions of left-
and right-handed attacks in a video-based anticipation test.
Participants in both groups were better at predicting the directional
outcome of right-handed compared to left-handed attacks, with skilled
players outperforming novices overall.<span style="font-size: x-small;">[5]</span><br />
<br />
If
the left-handers' shot direction proved more difficult to predict than
that of the right-handed players, would the handedness effect also extend
to reading the lefties' choice of attack type? Recent findings provide
evidence that it does.<br />
<br />
<i>Recent Research - Anticipation of Shot Selection</i> <br />
<br />
A study published in <i>Human Movement Science</i>
examined whether opponents shown video of an attack sequence could
predict the type of attack ("smash" or "lob") planned by left- and
right-handers with equivalent accuracy.<span style="font-size: x-small;">[6]</span><br />
<br />
<i>Methods and Procedure</i><br />
<br />
A
total of 48 skilled volleyball players and novices participated by
watching videos of left- and right-handed attacks on a computer screen.
The videos were filmed from the perspective of a defensive player in
either zones 1 or 5 of a volleyball court. Each sequence included a
reception/pass and a set to an attacker. Attackers performed either
hard or soft shots - "smashes" or lobs." Videos lasted three seconds
each and were temporally occluded to stop at the moment the attacker
contacted the ball.<br />
<br />
Further, to test whether prediction
accuracy varied according to time in the sequence,each attack was
occluded at six different time points relative to the moment of
hand-to-ball contact: (a) 600 ms prior to contact, (b) 480 ms prior to
contact, (c) 360 ms prior to contact, (d) 240 ms prior to contact, (e)
120 ms prior to contact and (f) at contact with the ball. After the end
of each video participants indicated whether they thought the attacker
would perform a "smash" or a "lob." There was not time limit for making
the decision. <br />
<br />
<i>Findings</i><br />
<br />
Consistent
with previous findings, skilled players outperformed novices in
correctly anticipating the type of attack but left-handed attacks were
harder to predict than right-handed attacks. "A main effect for
attackers' hand provided support for the notion that right-handed
actions are easier to anticipate than left-handed actions. Thus, an
opponent's handedness seem to not only affect visual anticipation of
outcome direction, but also the prediction of the type of an action
(here, smash vs. lob in volleyball attacks)."<span style="font-size: x-small;">[7]</span>
Lefties, it seems are far more difficult to predict whether hitting or
shooting the ball and regardless of the direction of their attack.<br />
<br />
The
question still remains as to why. If it's simply the case that
volleyball players train and compete against righties more than lefties
and so are better attuned to the right-hander's movements why did both
the experienced <i>and inexperienced</i> players underperform in predicting left-handed attacks? Certainly the novices were not relying on their years of experience in the game against right-handers.<span style="font-size: x-small;">[8] <span style="font-size: small;">The
authors themselves acknowledge that the finding "appears unexpected"
given the lack of competitive experience for the novices and posit that
the novices' recreational exposure to volleyball likely over-exposed
them to right-handed actions and that imbalanced experience provoked the
handedness effect in the study. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: small;">Clearly,
its a question awaiting further study and one that is essential to our
understanding of how best to train our volleyball athletes to neutralize
the "lefty advantage."</span></span><br />
<br />
<i><span style="font-size: small;">Training Implications</span></i><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Armed
with knowledge that left-handers are more difficult to read what can we
coaches do to improve our athletes' performances? Regardless of the
need for more study it seems enticing to think that exposing our athletes more often to lefties in practice will increase opportunities to learn from their presence. It's a practice fairly common in professional tennis with at least some anecdotal evidence to support it,</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[9]</span></span> but no reported data supporting either short- or long-term improvement resulting from the practice. It is also worth noting that tennis professionals seem to seek out lefty training opponents more to practice standard tactical adjustments against them and less to refine visual perceptual acumen. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">On the experimental side, there is some evidence to support the notion that increased visual exposure to left-handed movements can reduce the effect of the left-hander's advantage. In r</span>esearch published in the <i>Journal of Sports Sciences</i>, for example, a
video-based perceptual training program was shown to improve the performance of
participants predicting the directional outcome of left-handed penalty shots in handball.<span style="font-size: x-small;">[10]</span>
It thus seems plausible that a coaching manipulation of the training
environment to increase the prevalence of left-handed opponents in
volleyball is a potentially fruitful avenue of performance enhancement. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><u>NOTES</u></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">[1]
We address here an only "advantage" resulting specifically from being
less predictable and not from the tactical preferences of opponents.
See Loffing, F., Hagemann, N., & Strauss, B. (2010). Automated
processes in tennis: Do left-handed players benefit from the tactical
preferences of their opponents? <i>Journal of Sports Sciences</i>, 28,
435-443. See also, Sampras, P., (1998). Don't let southpaws scare you:
After losing some tough matches to left-handers, I've learned how to
handle them. <i>Tennis</i>, 34, 142-45 (discussing tactical advantages for left-handed tennis players resulting from tennis scoring system).</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">[2] McMorris, T., & Colenso, S. (1996). Anticipation of professional
soccer goalkeepers when facing right- and left-footed penalty kicks. <i>Perceptual and Motor Skills</i>, 82, 931–934. Loffing, F., Schorer, J., Hagemann, N., Baker, J., (2012). On the
advantage of being left-handed in volleyball: further evidence of the
specificity of skilled visual perception. <i>Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 74</i>, 446-453<i>. </i>Hagemann N (2009) The advantage of being left-handed in interactive sports. Atten Percept Psycho 71: 1641–1648 (tennis stroke).</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">[3] Urgesi, C.,
Savonitto, M. M., Fabbro, F., & Aglioti, S. M. (2012). Long- and short-term
plastic modeling of action prediction abilities in volleyball. <i>Psychological
Research, 76</i>, 542-560.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">[4]
Loffing, F., Hagemann, N., Schorer, J., & Baker, J. (2015).
Skilled players' and novices' difficulty anticipating left- vs.
right-handed opponents' action intentions varies across different points
in time. <i>Human Movement Science</i>, 40, 410-21, 417.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">[5] Loffing, F., Schorer, J., Hagemann, N., Baker, J., (2012). On the
advantage of being left-handed in volleyball: further evidence of the
specificity of skilled visual perception. <i>Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 74</i>, 446-453.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">[6] Loffing, F., Hagemann, N., Schorer, J., & Baker, J. (2015). Skilled
players' and novices' difficulty anticipating left- vs. right-handed
opponents' action intentions varies across different points in time. <i>Human Movement Science</i>, 40, 410-21, 417.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">[7] Loffing, F., Hagemann, N., Schorer, J., & Baker, J. (2015). Skilled
players' and novices' difficulty anticipating left- vs. right-handed
opponents' action intentions varies across different points in time. <i>Human Movement Science</i>, 40, 410-21, 417.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">[8]
The novice participant group was comprised of 18 males and 8 females
with a collective mean age of 24.77 years and "no experience in
competitive volleyball or beach volleyball." The authors acknowledge
that the handedness-dependent performance differences in novices
"appears unexpected." </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">[9] Sampras, P., (1998). Don't let southpaws scare you: After losing some
tough matches to left-handers, I've learned how to handle them. <i>Tennis</i>,
34, 142-45 (discussing tactical advantages for left-handed tennis
players resulting from tennis scoring system and noting common practice
to train against left-handers in advance of matches). See also Crouse,
K. (2011). Left-Handers Have Edge in Slice and Singularity. <i>N.Y. Times</i>
(June 26, 2011), available at
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/27/sports/tennis/2011-wimbledon-left-handers-have-benefit-of-slice-and-singularity.html?_r=0
(noting practice of training against left-handers in advance of matches
to be played against lefty opponents).</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">[10] Loffing, F., Schorer, J., Hagemann, N., Baker, J., (2012). Human
handedness in interactive situations: Negative perceptual frequency
effects can be reversed! <i>Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 74</i>, 446-453.</span>Wayne D. Hollyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07073384046641234541noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7103692724965158855.post-39256690733210584772014-09-17T21:45:00.000-04:002014-09-17T21:45:14.909-04:00Research Suggests Age Group and Player Role Effects on Physical Demands of Beach Volleyball PlayersFrom the <i>Journal of Sports Science and Medicine</i> comes new research aimed at analyzing the physical and temporal characteristics of U19, U21 and senior beach volleyball players in light of players' roles as blockers and defenders and considering the quality of opposition. <br />
<br />
Temporal variables included duration of set, total rest time, total work time, duration of rallies and rest time between rallies. Physical variables included the number of jumps and number of attacks by role.<br />
<br />
Interested readers may access the full text of the article <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4126306/pdf/jssm-13-658.pdf" target="_blank">here</a>.Wayne D. Hollyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07073384046641234541noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7103692724965158855.post-57019540728855132672013-11-04T16:06:00.002-05:002020-05-06T13:46:59.528-04:00The Impact of Deception and Disguise on the Skill of Anticipation in Beach Volleyball<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The skill of anticipation is an
important component of expertise in sports.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The delay occasioned by our perceptual system while processing
information means athletes in fast-moving sports need to make advance[1]
predictive judgments in order to prepare and execute appropriate motor responses to their opponent's tactics.[2]
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
dynamics of beach volleyball and the conditions in which it is played make early reads
and motoric preparation essential if an athlete is to have success. The speed at which the ball is
attacked,[3] the size of the area to be defended,[4] and conditions that impair
players' vision[5], slow their foot-speed[6], and heavily tax their energy
systems,[7] combine to place a premium on the ability to predict behavior from the earliest onset of movement. Anticipation under
pressure is one of the premier skills distinguishing elite from novice beach
volleyball athletes.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perceptual Motor Skills</span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">One of the ways skilled athletes are
able to make correct predictions is through advance cue utilization -- a
process of using information from an opponent’s bodily movements to anticipate
what she is likely to do.[8] An attacking hand behind the head, a slowed
approach, an un-raised elbow, even a blocker's stance, can have meaning to an experienced opponent and betray the intent of the
athlete whose conduct is on display.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">As it turns out, skilled athletes
regularly outperform novices in anticipating developing actions because
skilled athletes are better at utilizing information gleaned from their
opponents.[9]<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And it's not that elite
performers have superior vision or even advanced reaction times that explain
their predictive abilities.[10]<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rather,
experts make better predictions because they’re able to draw more meaning from
the body kinematics of other players in the game.[11].<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">So if experts are better at reading
the cues of others players does that advantage extend to discriminating opponent's deceptive
intentions?</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Despite the ubiquity of deception in
sports, and its primacy as a tactic in beach volleyball, the impact of
deception on the anticipatory skills of advanced athletes has only recently
garnered scientific attention.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Deception in Sports</span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Athletes regularly use deceptive movement for competitive advantage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Tactical deception takes two basic forms – attempts made by players to
hide information (disguise) and attempts made by players to offer false information
(deception).[12] The former is used to delay an opponent’s decision by
hiding cues of the actor’s intent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
latter is aimed at providing deliberately false cues to induce an erroneous
response.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The Art of Deception in Beach Volleyball</span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">If deception is prevalent in sports
it is everywhere on the beach. Blockers lean one way and dive another;
defenders feign covering the cross-court and run to the line; and attackers
deliberately approach one direction and then hit the other way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even an early position in serve receive can
be a ploy to induce a desired serve location. Beach
volleyball players regularly use their bodies as instruments of deception by
feigning their intent through deliberately false cues.[13]</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">So all of this tactical deception returns us to an important
question.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Are skilled athletes more or
less susceptible to deception than their less skilled counterparts?
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">It might be predicted that the experienced
athletes’ superiority in utilizing advance cues extends to their ability to
detect deception in an opponent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In this
view, elite players would be less susceptible to deception and respond better to it than novices. On the other hand, experts could be more susceptible than novices because novices draw
less meaning from kinematics and so may suffer less when they are disguised
or feigned.</span><br />
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">With important implications for technical and tactical training, the impact of deception on anticipation in beach volleyball is a topic worthy of considerable attention and will further be explored in subsequent parts.</span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Part II will summarize the research in this area and apply it to common tactics in beach volleyball. Part III will examine the role of motor and perceptual skill in the underlying process of detecting deception from the cues of opponents. It is expected that greater knowledge of how anticipatory judgments are made in the sport will assist coaches to teach tactics for competitive advantage.</span></span> </span></div>
</span>Wayne D. Hollyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07073384046641234541noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7103692724965158855.post-86747355616084836312013-10-19T19:43:00.001-04:002013-10-19T21:10:52.792-04:00Beach Volleyball Training Linked to Beneficial Physiological Changes in Indoor Volleyball PlayersAs the number of colleges announcing new sand volleyball programs continues to grow so does the need to staff sand volleyball rosters. With new programs relying heavily on their indoor rosters, and even many existing programs building teams with combined indoor and sand players, the presence of indoor volleyball athletes in sand volleyball programs is significant. <br />
<br />
While the benefits of playing sand volleyball, in terms of cognitive and skill development, are much talked about, new research suggests that sand volleyball training also leads to favorable physical adaptations in participating indoor players. The findings may be persuasive for players and coaches considering the benefits of the sand volleyball season.<br />
<br />
To investigate the effects of beach volleyball training and competition on the physiological adaptations of indoor players, researchers at Aristotle University in Greece conducted tests on male indoor volleyball players before they began and after they completed 12 weeks of beach volleyball training and competition. <br />
<br />
Training was not manipulated for the study but followed the athletes' or their coaches' own training routine. Training routines consisted of weekend tournaments plus 2.0-2.5 hour sessions of beach-specific drills, exercises and scrimmages, 4-6 times per week. Test variables included heart rate (HR), running economy (RE)[1] and VO2max[2]. Height, body mass and body fat percentage were also recorded before training.<br />
<br />
The results of the study were published in the <i>Journal of Physical Education and Sport</i>.[3] <br />
<br />
Following 12 weeks of training and competition, post tests revealed a significant reduction in HR, improvement of RE, increase in VO2max and a significant reduction in both body mass and fat among the players. According to the authors, this is the first study of its kind and could be read as an extension of previous research concluding that the energy cost of performing in sand is greater than on firm surfaces.<br />
<br />
While sports science will continue to build on these first-of-a-kind results, college volleyball coaches and athletes may find them relevant in determining the benefits to indoor players of competing in the sand volleyball season. <br />
<br />
<br />
<b><u>NOTES</u></b>:<br />
<br />
<br />
[1] Running economy is defined as "the energy demand for a given velocity of submaximal running."<br />
<br />
[2] VO2max is defined as the maximum volume of oxygen that can be used in 60 seconds during maximum exercise.<br />
<br />
[3] Dimitrios, B., Efstratios, V., Kosmas, C., Panagiotis, S., Dimosthenis, P., Papaevangelou, E. (2013), The effect of beach volleyball training on running economy and VO2max of indoor volleyball players. <i>Journal of Physical Education and Sport</i>, 13(1), 33-38.Wayne D. Hollyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07073384046641234541noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7103692724965158855.post-66530405481933352402013-05-10T18:10:00.001-04:002013-05-10T19:17:04.144-04:00An Analysis of Offensive Scoring in the 2013 AVCA Collegiate Sand Volleyball ChampionshipsCollegiate beach volleyball is on the rise. In 2009, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) approved beach volleyball as an emerging sport for women, creating both participation and scholarship opportunities for collegiate beach athletes. During the first season of competition in 2012, 15 Division I schools sponsored "sand volleyball" programs. That number doubled by 2013 with the addition of 14 additional schools from Division I and one school from Division II. By 2014, the number of sponsoring schools is expected to exceed 40 - a threshold that will allow sand volleyball to reach championship status with the NCAA. Collegiate sand volleyball is on pace to reach championship status faster than any other collegiate sport in history. <br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuZoOjYVIlSpKEWf3rQbUX7iObU-HiihZ2fwBVOTVgulvpfe_4QrdgWnOe7pCktSBT89cVWAgvLAJmKyEwONkEh9-OOTJeI7LWvrJSM0Y7cXbbeU7k40hAvx76RAUGNG_5iO6sKHW_ljSL/s1600/volleyball-beach-icon-mini.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuZoOjYVIlSpKEWf3rQbUX7iObU-HiihZ2fwBVOTVgulvpfe_4QrdgWnOe7pCktSBT89cVWAgvLAJmKyEwONkEh9-OOTJeI7LWvrJSM0Y7cXbbeU7k40hAvx76RAUGNG_5iO6sKHW_ljSL/s1600/volleyball-beach-icon-mini.jpg" /></a>
<br />
<b>Purpose</b><br />
<br />
The aim of this study was to identify the areas of the court used to score offensively in collegiate beach or "sand" volleyball. This is the first study of its kind of which we are aware and we fully acknowledge that the data collected and summarized here represents merely an initial foray into action sequence analysis of the college women's beach volleyball game. The information presented represents a collegiate parallel to our study of offensive scoring in women's beach volleyball at the Olympic level. Read alone or in conjunction with our previous findings the data suggest training, tactical and strategic considerations for players and coaches in the sport.
<br />
<br />
<b>Methods and Protocol</b><br />
<br />
Data were compiled by observing a total of 26 matches in the 2013 AVCA Collegiate Sand Volleyball Championships. Matches were observed in both the team championship and pairs championship segments of the event. A total of 1,062 kills were observed of
which 994 (93.596%) were recorded by zone in the court according to
Figure 1.<br />
<br />
<b>FIGURE 1</b> (Zone identification)<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQXmNfBSBVY1BnSMAuXuhb5vaFiszgxkf_WBbwYTbxlgR_B3gn4aDB40PmSTc_8B1wgNdcNCRTKgS7mjvKAfJQiFTnz14ONgKbBlyRFEsww5k_b7p3Syx6xAYofS44CYhBtTiOtJ5MoEtO/s1600/Court+Diagram+-+Figure+2a.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQXmNfBSBVY1BnSMAuXuhb5vaFiszgxkf_WBbwYTbxlgR_B3gn4aDB40PmSTc_8B1wgNdcNCRTKgS7mjvKAfJQiFTnz14ONgKbBlyRFEsww5k_b7p3Syx6xAYofS44CYhBtTiOtJ5MoEtO/s1600/Court+Diagram+-+Figure+2a.png" /></a></div>
A kill was assigned a zone when the ball (1) landed untouched in the
specified zone of the court; (2) rebounded off the block and landed in a
specified zone of the court; and (3) rebounded off a defensive player
in a specified zone in the court and landed out of bounds. Each kill in
a zone was viewed from a slightly elevated position approximately three feet above the ground level of the court and from a location approximately 35 feet from the center of the court. <br />
<br />
A total of 6.403% (n=68) of observed kills
were excluded from zone assignment. Excluded kills were of four types:
(a) kills in an indeterminant zone (n=20), (b) kills that rebounded off
a block and landed outside of the court or hit an antennae (n=34), (c)
kills for which a blocking error resulted in a kill being awarded to
the opposing team (n=4), and (d) kills for which a ball handling error by a
non-blocking defensive player resulted in a kill being awarded to the
offensive team (n=10).
<br />
<br />
<b>Athletes </b>
<br />
<br />
Athletes whose performances were
analyzed were female collegiate sand volleyball players, comprising beach
volleyball doubles teams. All players were members of their respective
collegiate sand volleyball programs representing 14 different institutions.<span style="font-size: xx-small;">[1]</span> Results include performances from at least one doubles team from each institution participating in the tournament and are drawn from matches in both the team and pairs championship segments of the event.
<br />
<br />
<b>Results</b><br />
<br />
Overall,
each zone was used to score offensively according to the percentage
distribution shown in Figure 2. This data includes all observed kills,
except excluded kills, whether accomplished on the first ball received
by a team in service reception or by either team in transition. Players
scored in Zone 1 = 26.156%, in Zone 2 = 11.468%, in Zone 3 = 7.243%, in
Zone 4 = 14.285%, in Zone 5 = 24.547% and in Zone 6 = 16.297%. <br />
<br />
<b>FIGURE 2</b>: (Overall zone usage for all offensive kills)<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIGaYMraK6sbNAWrHMqtb6vgU37FDzwzKKqKXue9E7owSMMAUe3uaZcA3_HJN_aJEp1kFOLljBu1VVlfrgyqpGA7tDLS-gibEdlBYyTcBnPJ87mJsEm1iCKpUTgTgFggqYveM313Md4V8d/s1600/Court+Diagram+-+Figure+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIGaYMraK6sbNAWrHMqtb6vgU37FDzwzKKqKXue9E7owSMMAUe3uaZcA3_HJN_aJEp1kFOLljBu1VVlfrgyqpGA7tDLS-gibEdlBYyTcBnPJ87mJsEm1iCKpUTgTgFggqYveM313Md4V8d/s1600/Court+Diagram+-+Figure+2.png" /></a><br />
<br />
<br />
Zone 1 - 26.156% (n=260)<br />
Zone 2 - 11.468% (n=114)<br />
Zone 3 - 7.243% (n=72)<br />
Zone 4 - 14.285% (n=142)<br />
Zone 5 - 24.547% (n=244)<br />
Zone 6 - 16.297% (n=162) <br />
<br />
<br />
To determine whether zones were used to score differently in serve receive<span style="font-size: xx-small;">[2]</span> and in transition<span style="font-size: xx-small;">[3]</span>,
we analyzed all zone kills according to the phase of play in
which the kills were earned. Zone usage by kill in serve receive and in
transition is shown in Figures 3 and 4.<br />
<br />
In the serve
receive offense, players scored in Zone 1 = 28.178 in Zone 2 =
12.027%, in Zone 3 = 6.872%, in Zone 4 = 13.402%, in Zone 5 = 22.336%
and in Zone 6 = 17.182%. In the transition offense, players scored in
Zone 1 = 23.300%, in Zone 2 = 10.679%, in Zone 3 = 7.766%, in Zone 4 =
15.533%, in Zone 5 = 27.669% and in Zone 6 = 15.048%.
<br />
<br />
<b>FIGURE 3</b>: (Zone usage for all assigned kills in the serve receive offense)<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVlnmGamhyphenhyphenMTkz2_008luWmXMafeGd4VgLzt7op-fMQN-_ZuRDZuo7hCoyWYC67goYp6vFB1ODGaQseKI1OF2vfk-WqypbCHvHBrOSuVc_XtZZwWNF2fOYc4S9-HkitTM7qmZXqgL0RCWN/s1600/Court+Diagram+-+Figure+3.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVlnmGamhyphenhyphenMTkz2_008luWmXMafeGd4VgLzt7op-fMQN-_ZuRDZuo7hCoyWYC67goYp6vFB1ODGaQseKI1OF2vfk-WqypbCHvHBrOSuVc_XtZZwWNF2fOYc4S9-HkitTM7qmZXqgL0RCWN/s1600/Court+Diagram+-+Figure+3.png" /></a></div>
<br />
Zone 1 - 28.178% (n=164)<br />
Zone 2 - 12.027% (n=70)<br />
Zone 3 - 6.872% (n=40)<br />
Zone 4 - 13.402% (n=78)<br />
Zone 5 - 22.336% (n=130)<br />
Zone 6 - 17.182% (n=100) <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b> FIGURE 4</b>: (Zone usage for all assigned kills in the transition offense)<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmfCg4YnRYyjf3LlNY9IfqadHPyRncYsl8f_i2zpGR8gH5SUbKMm_t9pcMknL3UFS8wTR_7mmUiXvfxtUJWmcWR7WwqHw0WiOFKLDezpzy8lFtUARkLBGvg9gfq15m3eK_JjFqJvIhDCuV/s1600/Court+Diagram+-+Figure+4.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmfCg4YnRYyjf3LlNY9IfqadHPyRncYsl8f_i2zpGR8gH5SUbKMm_t9pcMknL3UFS8wTR_7mmUiXvfxtUJWmcWR7WwqHw0WiOFKLDezpzy8lFtUARkLBGvg9gfq15m3eK_JjFqJvIhDCuV/s1600/Court+Diagram+-+Figure+4.png" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
Zone 1 - 23.300% (n=96)<br />
Zone 2 - 10.679% (n=44)<br />
Zone 3 - 7.766% (n=32)<br />
Zone 4 - 15.533% (n=64)<br />
Zone 5 - 27.669% (n=114)<br />
Zone 6 - 15.408% (n=62) <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Lastly, we analyzed the data to determine whether significant
differences existed in the collective use of adjacent zones of the court
to score offensively. In particular, we sought to determine whether
the front zones or back zones were used more often to score and whether
the left-side, right-side or middle vertical zones were used
significantly differently from each other in offensive scoring. <br />
<br />
As
indicated in Figure 5, players used the backcourt zones to score at a
rate 67.002% and used the frontcourt zones at a rate of 32.997%
overall. The backcourt scoring predominance held in both serve receive
and transition offenses. Backcourt scoring in serve receive = 67.697%
(n=394) and in transition = 66.019% (n=272) while front court scoring in
serve receive = 32.302% (n=188) and in transition = 33.980% (n=140). <br />
<br />
<b>FIGURE 5</b>: (Overall zone usage by horizontal grouped zones)<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEEhO-oqWQqY2Saccf7VI4NfO5G8LIi9JyKuQQCIfGqHrL7Evzcl8geEOHilOKpJdt5Xrm772q8OcRswxHrNuvqkSQdPqgtbowLvJ85hNJ7S4Dq-o3-0DqsckzwSK30ULZ356cg_X9PfOz/s1600/Court+Diagram+-+Figure+5.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEEhO-oqWQqY2Saccf7VI4NfO5G8LIi9JyKuQQCIfGqHrL7Evzcl8geEOHilOKpJdt5Xrm772q8OcRswxHrNuvqkSQdPqgtbowLvJ85hNJ7S4Dq-o3-0DqsckzwSK30ULZ356cg_X9PfOz/s1600/Court+Diagram+-+Figure+5.png" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
Zones 1, 5 and 6 (backcourt) - 67.002% (n=999)<br />
Zones 2, 3 and 4 (frontcourt) - 32.997% (n=328)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
As indicated in Figure 6, players utilized the middle of the court to score significantly less often than either the left or right side overall.
Left-side zones were used to score at a rate of 38.832%, right-side
zones were used to score at a rate of 37.625%, and the middle zones were
used to score at a rate of only 23.541% overall. In serve receive, there was 4.468% increase in the right side of the court over the left side. In transition, the data are reversed. The left-side of the court was used 9.223% more often to score than the right side. Player use of the middle zones to score offensively remained relatively constant in the overall offense and in both serve receive and transition.
<br />
<br />
Left-side scoring in serve receive =
35.738% (n=208) and in transition = 43.203% (n=178); middle zone scoring
in serve receive = 24.054% (n=140) and in transition = 22.815% (n=94);
and right-side scoring in serve receive = 40.206% (n=234) and in
transition = 33.980% (n=140).<br />
<br />
<b>FIGURE 6</b>: (Overall zone usage by vertical grouped zones) <br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb-bOABLMPsJW5rqLDHQtKMGE0MGYg5mFtulAGJzdvO_XwWdDAQU3se-uiADvipqcfE7ePv_KlDYX4FX596ghz2WB9KGuZd4ROr2az73O6oFtY3_gCX69RxlGJgAelVVscvPhtBJ_p1fl5/s1600/Court+Diagram+-+Figure+6.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb-bOABLMPsJW5rqLDHQtKMGE0MGYg5mFtulAGJzdvO_XwWdDAQU3se-uiADvipqcfE7ePv_KlDYX4FX596ghz2WB9KGuZd4ROr2az73O6oFtY3_gCX69RxlGJgAelVVscvPhtBJ_p1fl5/s1600/Court+Diagram+-+Figure+6.png" /></a><br />
<br />
<br />
Zones 4-5 - 38.832% (n=386)<br />
Zones 3-6 - 23.541% (n=234)<br />
Zones 2-1 - 37.625% (n=374)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Discussion</b><br />
<br />
<b>Offensive Scoring by Zone</b><br />
<br />
The
results indicate some significant differences among zone usage in
women's collegiate sand volleyball. Players scored most frequently in Zones 1 and 5, at rates of 26.156% (n=260) and 24.457% (n=244), respectively. Zones
6 and 4 ranked 3rd and 4th respectively in overall percentage
distribution with just a 2% difference between them. The fifth most used zone to score overall
was zone 2. Players scored least frequently in Zone 3, at a
rate of only 7.243% (n=72). The data indicate that Zone 3 is not used to a significant degree to score offensively in women's collegiate sand volleyball.<br />
<br />
There was no significant difference in the overall use of the left and right sides of the court to score offensively but results do indicate that the middle zones (zones 3 and 6) were used less frequently than either the left or right side. Players scored in the middle zones of the court approximately 15% less often than either the left or right side. Zone 3 was the used least among front row zones and zone 6 was used least among back row zones.
<br />
<br />
<b>Offensive Scoring - Frontcourt v. Backcourt</b>
<br />
<br />
The
statistical data indicate that offensive scoring in women's collegiate sand volleyball is predominantly accomplished in the back three zones of the
court. This is consistent with our earlier findings in a study of beach volleyball at the Olympic level in which backcourt scoring exceeded frontcourt scoring by nearly 18%.[4] In the collegiate game, the predominance of backcourt scoring was even more pronounced. Kills in zones 5, 6 and 1 exceeded kills in zones 4, 3 and 2 by more than 34% overall.<br />
<br />
<b>Zone Usage in Serve Receive and Transition </b><br />
<br />
There
was considerable consistency among the zones used to score by teams in
serve receive and in transition. As shown in Figure 7, in both phases of the game players scored least frequently ("F") in zones 2 and 3. Beyond those zones, relative use frequencies varied between the two phases of offense, but the statistical differences were minor, with one exception. Players used zone 1 to score nearly 5% more often in serve receive than in transition and used zone 5 to score slightly more than 5% more frequently in transition than in serve receive.<br />
<br />
<b>FIGURE 6</b>: (zone use frequencies by serve receive and transition offenses)<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLrtdRfONj2QU74dGZA14cbEKzd8EdadW9V9lv5h8WNmaf3Bc6-PWj2dPFVSRQmfBxOY6yv7zrUbjiH7a3_StpzVUp4foM97XHWdI_ZbgYddrmO6QTwmnAUf2ekEJIltiInhJGhKOsVzsf/s1600/Court+Diagram+-+Figure+7.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="143" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLrtdRfONj2QU74dGZA14cbEKzd8EdadW9V9lv5h8WNmaf3Bc6-PWj2dPFVSRQmfBxOY6yv7zrUbjiH7a3_StpzVUp4foM97XHWdI_ZbgYddrmO6QTwmnAUf2ekEJIltiInhJGhKOsVzsf/s320/Court+Diagram+-+Figure+7.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
In terms of the most and least used zones, our findings closely track data from our Olympic research in which we determined that players
used Zone 5 to score most often and used Zone 3 to score least often in both phases of the game. Lastly, the data show no significant difference in front and backcourt scoring when comparing the serve receive and transition offense. In both serve reception and in transition, backcourt scoring exceeded frontcourt scoring by approximately 2:1. Consistent with our findings from the Olympic level of competition, offensive scoring in women's collegiate beach volleyball occurs predominantly in the back half of the court.
<br />
<br />
<b>Offensive Scoring - First Ball v. Transition</b>
<br />
<br />
Our results indicate that the majority of offensive scoring by kill in women's collegiate sand volleyball is in the serve receive offense rather than primarily in transition. Kills in serve receive exceeded kills scored in transition
by nearly 1.5: 1, which is slightly less than the 2:1 ratio we found at the Olympic level, suggesting that collegiate serve receive offenses are less efficient than at elite competitive levels. Among 994 recorded kills, 58.551% (n=582) were
scored on the first offensive play by the receiving team following the
serve and 41.448 (n=412) were scored in transition - by either team.
Offensive kills in serve receive exceeded kills in transition in 25 out
of 26 or 96.153% of all matches observed suggesting the amount of
training that should be dedicated to this aspect of the game.<br />
<br />
The
relative frequency of scoring in serve receive and concomitantly fewer
transition points also has implications for the physical work load
demands of beach volleyball. Fewer rallies translates into shorter
plays, more "down-time" and smaller workloads. Physical training
programs should reflect these realities of the game and coaches should
analyze action sequences to determine the training needs of their
players. For less than collegiate levels of competition the data indicate
performance standards for success at more advanced levels of play.
<br />
<br />
<b>Conclusion</b><br />
<br />
The
present study provides researchers, coaches and athletes information
concerning the offensive use of various zones of the court in collegiate women's
sand volleyball. Information obtained from the study of action
sequences in beach volleyball is valuable for designing optimal training
programs and practices. Action sequence analysis also assists in the
identification of tactical patterns and the development of
counter-strategies in competition. The
present research will undoubtedly be improved upon and expanded by
future studies designed to improve our understanding of the nature,
tactics, skills, physical demands and strategies of the evolving game of
beach volleyball. <br />
<br />
<b>NOTES</b>: <br />
<br />
[1] Institutions included were: Pepperdine University, Long Beach State University, University of Southern California, University of North Florida, Florida State University, University of Louisiana-Monroe, Georgia State University, University of California/Los Angeles, Florida International University,
the University of Alabama/Birmingham, the University of the Pacific,
Jacksonville University, Loyola Marymount University and Saint Mary's
College of California. None of these institutions, players or coaches are affiliated with this study nor have endorsed it.
<br />
<br />
[2] For purposes of this study, we define serve receive as the
offensive phase in which the receiving team executes its offense on the
first ball received from the serving team.<br />
<br />
[3] For purposes of this study, we define transition to mean any phase of
play after the first attack of the first ball received by a team in
serve receive.<br />
<br />
[4] Holly, W.D., Offensive Scoring in Women's Beach Volleyball: An Analysis of Zone Usage in the 2012 Summer Olympic Games., available at http://teachingvolleyball.blogspot.com/2013/04/offensive-scoring-in-womens-beach.html, April 2013.Wayne D. Hollyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07073384046641234541noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7103692724965158855.post-79992455944168692612013-03-20T01:21:00.003-04:002020-05-06T13:50:44.027-04:00Serving Methods in Beach Volleyball According to Time in the GameIn the sport of beach volleyball the choice of which opposing player to serve is a highly strategic consideration for
teams at all levels of competition. In most beach offenses the player receiving serve will also be the team's primary attacker, so the serving team can use its serve to dictate (or at least heavily influence) the opponent's offense. Serve choice may turn on the receiving player's perceived offensive skills, her partner's setting ability or by other conditions such as wind direction or sun location - and the choice may be revisited several times throughout a game. As the choice of who to serve is the first opportunity to expose an opponent's weakness, it properly occupies a high strategic priority for competitive beach volleyball teams. <br />
<br />
<i><b>Serving Methods</b></i><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgd0yNmPFUTSJclaIDFDQ1NEYh68fEHMLZlSSQzyVUpNc9-BJuDuWaLPK2YJXcfqd2Jpmfdnm0IMdC9mCoeTqE6j8lUC2YnlJ_tU24dz0Oj3AvNadtEdvFqRnD8DvEOxAUhUOy3Poai92cA/s1600/flying+player+-+mini.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgd0yNmPFUTSJclaIDFDQ1NEYh68fEHMLZlSSQzyVUpNc9-BJuDuWaLPK2YJXcfqd2Jpmfdnm0IMdC9mCoeTqE6j8lUC2YnlJ_tU24dz0Oj3AvNadtEdvFqRnD8DvEOxAUhUOy3Poai92cA/s1600/flying+player+-+mini.png" /></a>A separate but related question involves not who to serve but what type of serve should be utilized. The predominant serves in beach volleyball right now are the standing float serve, the jump float serve[1] and the jump spin serve. Game planning a match requires some consideration of which of these serves to use, which in turn requires players and coaches to agree on some principles for making this decision.<br />
<br />
Researchers in Spain have recently continued a growing trend toward studying the serve in beach volleyball and in a paper published in the <i>Journal of Human Sport & Exercise</i>,[2] concluded that that fatigue and risk management dictate how beach volleyball athletes
choose their methods of serving early and late in competition. The study was limited to the professional men's game so its application to the women's beach game - where jump spin serving is less prevalent, and to other levels of play, awaits further study and experience.<br />
<br />
<i><b>Participants & Procedures</b></i><br />
<br />
Participants in the study were ten professional male beach volleyball players comprising five teams competing in the 2005 European Beach Volleyball Championship. Researchers recorded each serve according to type of serve and time in the match. Serve types recognized were the standing float serve (SF), the jump float serve (JF) and the jump spin serve (JS). Games were divided into three periods: Period 1 (points 1-7); Period 2 (points 8-14) and Period 3 (points 15-21). A total of 327 serves were recorded and the Chi-square test confirmed the significance of the data within a margin of five percent error.<br />
<br />
<i><b>Results</b></i><br />
<br />
For all periods, the researchers found that overall the standing float serve was used 11.6%, the jump float serve used 26.0% and the jump serve used 62.4 %. Examining the results by period in the game, there were significant differences in player's service methods from early to late in the game with lower risk serving generally becoming more predominant as games progressed toward the final period.<br />
<br />
As indicated in Tables 1-3, the jump float serve increased from only 4.0% frequency during the early period of games to 49.4% in the latest period. The higher risk jump spin serve with more velocity and an error rate of 17% was utilized with less and less frequency as the game progressed into later periods. The jump spin serve decreased from a high of 89.7 % in the first period to 27.3% in the final period.<br />
<br />
<u>TABLE 1 (Service Methods by % for Points 1-7) </u><br />
<br />
6.3% - Standing Float<br />
4.0% - Jump Float<br />
89.7% - Jump Spin<br />
<br />
<u>TABLE 2 (Service Methods by % for Points 8-14)</u><br />
<br />
9.7% - Standing Float<br />
33.9% - Jump Float<br />
56.5% - Jump Spin<br />
<br />
<u>TABLE 3 (Service Methods by % for Points 15-21)</u><br />
<br />
23.4% - Standing Float<br />
49.4% - Jump Float<br />
27.3% - Jump Spin<br />
<br />
<b>Discussion</b><br />
<br />
According to the authors, the data suggest that players' choice of serve was driven by a risk analysis favoring more balls in play late in the game. Fatigue was also cited as a factor. As players fatigued and the risk of error associated with the jump spin serve was perceived as more costly late in the game, players became more risk averse and served more conservatively. <br />
<br />
<i><b>Coaching Implications</b> </i><br />
<br />
So what does this contribute to our knowledge of the game and how we coach our beach athletes? For this coach, the topic of study alone is a reminder that match preparation should involve principled decisions about our strategic choices and methods we employ in the game. While players commonly consider the question of who to serve, the related strategy of which type of serve to use is given far less consideration.<br />
<br />
So let's begin by at least considering the question and identifying some factors relevant to making a principled decision. The present study identified cost/benefit and fatigue as two prominent reasons for players' choice of serving methods. Other reasons for the decision undoubtedly could include (1) skill in one serve but not in another; (2) confidence in one or another serve; (3) opponent's inability to receive one or another serve; (4) strategic fatigue for a primary blocker; and (5) wind direction suggesting one method over another. This list is far from exhaustive and coaches should continue to work with their athletes to identify other factors that may be relevant for their levels of play. As we grow our athletes' knowledge of the game they will become better positioned to make their own informed decisions about how best to serve in a game, when and why.<br />
<br />
<u>NOTES</u>:<br />
<br />
[1] We do not distinguish here between the jump float serve with an approach and the jump float serve without an approach. <br />
<br />
[2] Jimenez-Olmedo, J.M., Penichet-Tomas, A., Saiz-Colomina, S., Martinez-Carbonell, J.A., Jove-Tossi, M.A. (2012), Serve analysis of professional players in beach volleyball. <i>Journal of Human Sport & Exercise</i>, 7:3, 706-713.<br />
<br />Wayne D. Hollyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07073384046641234541noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7103692724965158855.post-21225983811860456242013-02-22T17:51:00.000-05:002013-02-23T15:12:57.856-05:00Scoring by Offensive Zones in Men's and Women's Beach VolleyballBorn as a game of recreation, beach volleyball has evolved from a casual past-time to an international sport played by elite athletes with its own world tour and prominent place in the Olympic Games. In the United States, beach volleyball is now supported by the national governing body for volleyball, is officially an emerging women's collegiate sport, and is currently experiencing unprecedented organized growth at the junior level.<br />
<br />
As the sport evolves so grows our need to better understand the game and use that knowledge to develop efficient training programs responsive to the games' unique challenges. One of the most reliable sources of information concerning the training demands of beach volleyball is in scientific investigations of its action sequences. Action sequence studies have long been utilized to predict opponent behavior and develop sport-specific training programs across a variety of sports. Only recently have researchers begun studying the game of beach volleyball in this way. Future research holds promise to better inform our understanding of the game and raise both the level of play and effectiveness of coaching.<br />
<br />
In the first published study of its kind, researchers from the University of Alicante in Spain studied differences by gender in the use of offensive scoring zones in beach volleyball.[1] Studying gender-based differences in the indoor game of volleyball has previously lead to a better understanding of how to improve performance through efficient training emphases. The contribution of the instant study seeks to extend the research-based approach to improvement into the discipline of beach (or "sand") volleyball. <br />
<br />
Participants were 20 athletes (10 men and 10 women) who competed in the European Beach Volleyball Championship in 2005 and 2006. Results were culled from 659 points scored in 18 sets over 8 matches. The court was divided into 6 zones as shown in Figure 1.<br />
<br />
<b>Figure 1:</b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXnl3wYm2gGUtUlJd-m8aJyW-7dZVLfwIfN68XUp90cyl9GQZbiks39wASEqTAxWcHCzzddPMz-i-cKU2h2r-i3_q-idnqvSMJgvCyQDFuvomIbSTbmBXfvaTk2TT8dgFuhocGw1rzP7xH/s1600/Court+Diagram+-+Figure+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXnl3wYm2gGUtUlJd-m8aJyW-7dZVLfwIfN68XUp90cyl9GQZbiks39wASEqTAxWcHCzzddPMz-i-cKU2h2r-i3_q-idnqvSMJgvCyQDFuvomIbSTbmBXfvaTk2TT8dgFuhocGw1rzP7xH/s1600/Court+Diagram+-+Figure+1.png" /></a><br />
<br />
<b>Findings</b><br />
<br />
The researchers found that there were indeed differences by gender in the zones used to score points in beach volleyball. Men used zones 2 and 4 most often to score while women athletes scored most often in zones 1 and 5.<br />
<br />
Interestingly, both men and women rarely scored in the deep middle zone (zone 6). Men scored in the deep middle at a rate of only 5.26% while women scored 5.67% of the time.<br />
<br />
The zone least utilized to score by men was zone 3 where male athletes scored just 3.44% of the time. By adjacent zones, areas 3 and 6 were the least utilized areas for scoring in both the men's and women's game with men utilizing those zones to score at a combined 8.70% and women scoring there at a combined rate of 13.40%.<br />
<br />
<b>Attack Error Rates & Types</b><br />
<br />
Researchers also identified gender related differences in attack error rates and types. In the men's game, out-of-bounds attack errors were committed at a rate of 15.53% compared to 27.38% in the women's game. The frequency numbers were reversed for attack errors into the net. Men's net errors occurred at a rate of 7.73% while women committed net errors only 5.53% of the time. Comparing attack error frequencies, it appears that there is a greater frequency of points scored without a rally in the women's game (32.73%) than in the men's game (23.26%).<br />
<br />
<b>Significance & Further Research</b><br />
<br />
The significance of these findings for beach volleyball athletes and coaches remains to be seen. Certainly, knowledge of zone use tendencies has coaching implications both for scouting and training athletes, but our "knowledge" of such tendencies must await further studies. A question for future research will be whether these zone usage findings are consistent with the tactics employed in amateur levels of beach volleyball, for example, in the women's collegiate sand game. As sports science research continues to expand into beach volleyball we all can be excited about its potential to improve our understanding of the game and, in turn, assist us to coach our athletes more effectively.<br />
<br />
<br />
<u>NOTES</u><br />
<br />
<br />
[1] Chinchilla Mira, J. J., Pérez Turpin, J. A., Martínez
Carbonell, J. A., & Jove Tossi, M. (2012). Offensive zones in beach
volleyball: differences by gender. <i>Journal Human Sport & Exercise</i>, 7:3, 727-732.Wayne D. Hollyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07073384046641234541noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7103692724965158855.post-36912244252525178722012-11-05T14:34:00.002-05:002012-11-05T15:14:39.364-05:00Perception and Motor Skill in Reading Shot Location in Beach Volleyball - Part II<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Participants, Method, Stimulus
and Procedure</i><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br />
The VU team invited 32 participants who were 8 expert
beach players, 8 expert beach coaches, who formerly were expert players, 8
expert referees, who had not reached expert levels of play, and an
inexperienced control group of 8 novices to participate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each group watched video clips of attacking
sequences and predicted the depth and direction of the shot at various times
before the attack.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
All of the clips were culled from 25 women’s World Tour
beach volleyball matches and included a pass, a set and an attack.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were recorded approximately 6 meters
behind the end-line, from the perspective of a defensive player.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Videos were progressively occluded at three
different times: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(a) at setter-ball
contact, (b) when the set was half-way to the hitter, and (c) at hitter-ball
contact.[5]<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sequences were balanced for
attacks from the left- and right-side, and in all sequences the blocker stayed
at the net.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Also, because the defender
was in view, clips equally balanced correct and incorrect anticipatory movements
by the defensive player.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After viewing
each sequence, participants had three seconds to decide whether the ball was
attacked to the short or deep line or to the short or deep angle.[6]</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Motor Experience
Contributes to Reading Ability</i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Analysis of overall performances revealed that the expert
players and coaches predicted shot location more accurately than novices, while
the referees did not. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In addition, players
outperformed both referees and novices in the latest occlusion condition.[7]<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Accordingly, since “the group with the
highest perceptual-motor expertise (and, notably, less watching experience)
outperformed experience watchers,” the findings suggest that perceptual motor
experience does contribute to anticipatory skills in beach volleyball.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
An issue for further research, according to the authors, will
be to study whether players were better readers because they more efficiently utilized
cues from the video frame showing hitter-ball contact (3<sup>rd</sup> occlusion
point) or because they were superior at culling information from the entire offensive
sequence. </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Reading Depth and
Direction</i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Comparing results on depth and direction the results
indicate that reading the shot depth in beach volleyball is significantly more
difficult than reading shot direction. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Overall accuracy scores were higher for
direction predictions than depth judgments in the latest occlusion condition
with players, coaches and referees all outperforming novices in reading whether
the ball was attacked cross-court or down the line.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The available evidence therefore suggests that
coaches should include more opportunities in practice for players to read cues
indicative of short and deep shots in the game.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Knowledge of this weakness may also counsel in favor of positional
adjustments to defensive players and movement training to improve overall small
area quickness and account for potential depth related mis-reads in the game</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Conclusion</i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Like the indoor game, the sport of beach volleyball is overwhelmingly
played between contacts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While those
contacts are extremely important indicators of success, the ability to
anticipate opponent’s intentions and prepare for the next contact is a proven
skill variable separating the most accomplished players from their less skilled
counterparts.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Over a decade ago, sports science determined that “[t]here
is little doubt . . . that the ability to extract and use the information
available from an opponent’s movement pattern is a limiting factor to
successful performance for less skilled performers.”[8].<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The results of the present study provide
experimental evidence that motor experience gained from playing beach
volleyball contributes to the ability to anticipate opponent shots both
directionally and for depth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
findings also suggest training emphases and strategies for improving
performances in the game.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Since its birth on the shores of southern California, the
sport of beach volleyball is now an emerging collegiate sport in the United
States, has enormous worldwide popularity, and is an official summer sport of
the Olympic Games.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As research science
continues to teach us how great readers anticipate <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>we coaches
have an obligation to learn the science of the sport and develop principled
methods for training the next generation of beach volleyball athletes. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<u>NOTES</u></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
[1] Aglioti, S.M., Cesari, P., Romani, M., Urgesi, C.
(2008).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Action anticipation and motor
resonance in elite basketball players.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nature Neuroscience, 11</i>, 1109-1116;
Schutz-Bosbach, S., Prinz, W. (2007).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Perceptual resonance: Action-induced modulation of perception.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Trends
in Cognitive Sciences, 11</i>, 349-355.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
[2] Aglioti, S.M., Cesari, P., Romani, M., Urgesi, C.
(2008).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Action anticipation and motor
resonance in elite basketball players.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nature Neuroscience, 11</i>, 1109-1116.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
[3] <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Urgesi, C.,
Savonitto, M. M., Fabbro, F., & Aglioti, S. M. (2012). Long- and short-term
plastic modeling of action prediction abilities in volleyball.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Psychological
Research, 76</i>, 542-560.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
[4] Canal-Bruland, R., Mooren, M., Savelsbergh, G.
(2011).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Differentiating expert’s
anticipatory skills in beach volleyball.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Research Quarterly for Exercise
and Sport</i> 82:4 667-674.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am
grateful to Professor Canal-Bruland for providing me with a copy of the
research. </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
[5] For an excellent discussion of the possible limitations
of occlusion paradigms, see van der Kamp, J., Rivas, F., van Doorn, H., &
Savelsbergh, G. (2008).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ventral and
dorsal contributions in visual anticipation in fast ball sports.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">International
Journal of Sport Psychology, 39</i>, 100-130.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
[6] Two stimulus conditions of the study have limiting
effects.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>First, it is unclear what
impact, if any, visible blocker’s movements played in the participant’s
predictions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Also, anticipation ability
was measured as a function of viewing randomized progressively occluded clips
of offensive sequences.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Therefore, anticipation
scores did not account for participant’s abilities to utilize other cues that
commonly inform defensive reads in beach volleyball such as situational factors,
opponent’s recent history and pattern recognition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
[7] Only in the latest occlusion condition (at hitter-ball
contact) did participants predict shot location more accurately than chance.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
[8] Farrow, D., Abernathy, B. (2002).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Can anticipatory skills be learned through
implicit video-based perceptual training?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Journal of Sports Sciences 20</i>,
471-485.</div>
Wayne D. Hollyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07073384046641234541noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7103692724965158855.post-69202274461704024262012-11-05T14:31:00.001-05:002015-12-02T22:47:52.341-05:00Perception and Motor Skill in Reading Shot Location in Beach Volleyball - Parts I & II<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Elite sports performers possess the twin abilities to repeatedly execute complex actions and anticipate the
behavior of other players.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Indeed, anticipatory skill</span></span> is one of the most clearly
established variables distinguishing highly successful athletes from their
less accomplished counterparts.<br />
<br />
In the sport of volleyball, anticipation is a key
ingredient in successful performance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Blockers who can read setter and hitter intentions, passers who can read
servers and ball flight, and defenders who can anticipate shot speed, depth and
direction all have an advantage over players whose anticipatory skills are less developed.<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
The ability to read is likewise critical to success in
the beach game.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With more court to cover
and fewer teammates to help, defensive success in beach volleyball is
inextricably intertwined with the ability to anticipate an opponent’s offensive
intentions. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The growing dynamics of
beach volleyball offenses, fewer blockers at the net compared to indoors and a
playing surface that constrains small area quickness highlight the need for
beach defenders to develop acute reading abilities.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">How Do Great
Readers Anticipate?</i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
We’ve all seen volleyball players who just seem to know
where the ball is going.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So how did they
do it, and why are some athletes better than others in figuring out their
opponents?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As it turns out, athletes
with superior reading abilities do some rather than unique things that less
capable readers do not.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Principles garnered from scientific literature show that
elite athletes: (1) make superior use of anticipatory visual cues, (2) utilize
unique perceptual strategies, (3) employ efficient visual search patterns, (4) exhibit
fast information-movement coupling (integrating vision and action); and (5) demonstrate
superior pattern recognition ability.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Essentially,
superior readers <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">see</i> the game in a very
unique way from others -- but their perceptual expertise is not the whole
story.<br />
<br />
While we know that elite athletes are better than novices
at reading, and we know a lot about how they do it, we still don’t know everything
that contributes to the why?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Why is it
that some athletes see the game so uniquely, extracting information from
everything that’s going on, and thus are better able to accurately predict what
is about to happen? <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Perceptual vs.
Motor Experience</i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
One of the most important questions scientists are
studying to better understand the skill of reading is whether elite athlete’s
motor skills in addition to their perceptual experience contribute to anticipation
abilities.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
There are two related accounts.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
In one view, anticipation ability is a function of
perceptual experience.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In this view, elite
level athletes’ extensive exposure to the game enhances their sensitivity to
the relevant cues that reveal what other players intend to do.</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Another view says that athletes’ motor skills also have
something to do with it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This view links
perceptual experience with motor experience by positing that skilled athlete’s
motor experience contributes to their superior anticipation abilities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
The developing idea is that athletes are perceptually
better attuned to actions within their own motor repertoire.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thus elite athletes are better at identifying
the kinematic cues that indicate in others an intention to perform the same or
similar skills the athletes themselves are capable of performing.[1]<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Research comparing the anticipation ability
of elite level athletes with those possessed primarily of perceptual experience
alone (e.g., coaches, referees and fans) seems to support this view. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
For example a team of Italian researchers found that expert
basketball players were able to predict the success of free throws more
accurately and quickly than coaches and journalists who lacked playing
experience.[2]<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Evidence published this
year similarly found that volleyball athletes were better able to utilize kinematic
information to predict the fate of float serves more accurately than expert
watchers and novices who did not play the game.[3]</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Anticipation in
Beach Volleyball Defense</i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
A new study from researchers at the VU University in
Amsterdam recently contributed to our understanding of elite reading ability in
the sport of beach volleyball.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
The researchers brought together beach volleyball players,
coaches, referees and novices to compare their performances in a beach
volleyball defensive reading experiment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The VU team sought to isolate participants with perceptual experience
(referees) from participants with perceptual and motor experience (players and
coaches) in order better to understand the contributions of perceptual and
motor experience to action anticipation in beach volleyball. </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Based on current research suggesting that motor
experience does contribute to anticipatory skills, the team predicted that the
players and coaches would perform better than the referees and novices.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The research was published in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport</i>.[4]</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
[Continued in Part II - click <span style="color: red;"><a href="http://teachingvolleyball.blogspot.com/2012/11/perception-and-motor-skill-in-reading_5.html" target="_blank">here</a></span>]</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
</div>
Wayne D. Hollyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07073384046641234541noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7103692724965158855.post-57326162145046226102012-10-28T15:59:00.001-04:002012-10-31T00:07:57.890-04:00The Role of Observation and Motor Experience in Reading a Float Serve in Volleyball<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">The importance of service reception
in women’s volleyball is well established.
Statistical data consistently have confirmed the close correlation of
multi-option passing and winning. One of
the most basic elements of success in serve receive is the ability to predict
the flight of the ball. Misjudgments in
ball flight commonly produce poor passes and single option passes are extremely
inefficient events in the game. Thus,
developing players with the skill to accurately predict the flight of the ball
during the serve receive phase of the game should be a high coaching priority.</span><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">So how do we get our players
to make these predictions? Do we recruit
players that we think have an innate ability to track a ball? Do we wait for players with excellent reading
skills to just walk into the gym? The
answer is we train them. Action
prediction ability in sport is neither a magical quality nor an innate talent. It’s a learned skill, and like any skill, it
should be trained from the earliest stages of a player’s development and
continuously honed throughout her career.
As reading is perhaps the most important skill in the game, the more we
know about it the better we can teach it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">A recent study published in <i>Psychological Research</i> offers valuable insights into the elements that
contribute to successful service-reading abilities in volleyball players[1].</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><i>Action Prediction Abilities in Volleyball</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">A team of Italian researchers
examined the role of visual and motor experience in the ability of athletes to
predict the action of float serves in volleyball. The authors compared the reading abilities of
three groups of adult, right-handed females in their mid-twenties. Group 1 consisted of 12 volleyball athletes
with about 15 years of playing experience (experts). Group 2 was comprised of 12 supporters who
had no experience playing volleyball but who had regularly attended to watching
volleyball for at least 10 years (watchers).
Group 3 was comprised of 12 adults with no volleyball experience at all
(novices).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">Participants were shown video clips
of two experienced players performing a series of float serves. Videos showed a front- and back-view of the
server. Clips were shown using a
modified temporal occlusion in which only the body movements of the server or
only the ball was shown. Half of the
clips showed the beginning of the action to the point of the server’s contact
with the ball, thus showing only the server’s body kinematics; the other half
showed the moment of contact to the initial falling trajectory of the serve
(when it was approximately at the height of the net), thus showing only the
ball trajectory.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">Participants were asked to view the
clips and predict as fast as possible whether the ball was served in our out of
the court. Notably, in the front-view
perspective the ball was not fully visible in the last part of ball trajectory
– when the ball was falling to the floor. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><i>Study Results</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">What the researchers found was a mix
of predictable and not so predictable results.
The volleyball athletes outperformed the novices in predicting serves
both from reads based on the server’s body kinematics and the ball trajectory –
regardless of the viewing perspective.
These results confirm years of research consistently showing the superior
action-prediction abilities of elite athletes in their sports, including
volleyball.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">So what about the watchers? Did their visual experience contribute to
accurate predictions although they had no playing experience? The evidence suggests that it did. Although watchers were again outperformed by
athletes, the watchers outperformed novices in one important phase - predicting
the serve when viewed from behind the server.
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">According to the authors, since the
late stages of ball flight stayed in view only for the back-view clips, the
watchers’ visual experience seems to have improved only their ability to read
the serve by using this late ball flight information. In contrast, the volleyball athletes showed
proficiency in utilizing both early and late cues from ball trajectory which
were visible in both the front and back view videos. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><i>Significance for Coaching</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">The participant-athletes’ superior
performance in predicting ball flight based on the server’s body movements
confirms again the profound implications of teaching players how to read. With serve reception playing a critical role
in winning volleyball matches coaches should be eager to incorporate ways to
improve players’ serve-receive reading skills.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">So how do we do this?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><i>Serve Receive Actual Serves -
Reading the Server</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">Serving and passing must occupy a
significant portion of practice time.
Passers should be passing live serves – and lots of them. Success in predicting ball flight in
volleyball comes in part from the twin abilities to recognize cues in the
server’s behavior and then link those cues to results. When coaches toss balls to players or chip
balls in from the sideline, players are robbed of the cues they need to learn
from actual servers and consequently are deprived of valuable opportunities to
link cues with results. Only through
receiving served balls from real servers do players have an opportunity to
identify and interpret the kinematic cues of real servers and develop the motor
experience that is essential to predicting the flight of served volleyballs.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">But we can’t just set up serving and
passing games. Like all training, serve
receive practice should be accompanied by effective feedback. We should coach players what cues to look for, ask them
what they see, and guide them to understand the connection between what they
see and how the ball reacts. Practice
with feedback is the only principled basis for teaching the skill of reading. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><i>Importance of Early Ball Flight -
Reading the Ball</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">In addition to planning lots of
serving and passing games coaches must emphasize the value of early preparation
in serve receive. The instant research
suggests that athletes’ advanced reading abilities are tied to their unique
skills in reading both kinematic cues <i>and</i>
the initial phase of ball trajectory. In
other words, athletes draw heavily from what is happening on the other side of
the net. Emphasizing early visual
preparation teaches athletes that much of their success in service reception
can be determined long before their “technique” comes into play.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NOTES</span></u></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[1] Urgesi, C., Savonitto, M. M., Fabbro,
F., & Aglioti, S. M. (2012). Long- and short-term plastic modeling of
action prediction abilities in volleyball.
Psychological Research, 76:542-560.</span></span></span>Wayne D. Hollyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07073384046641234541noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7103692724965158855.post-18682363615870098072012-10-17T15:50:00.003-04:002012-10-22T14:54:31.559-04:00The Home Court Advantage in Volleyball: Fact, Fiction and Mystery<i>Playing and Coaching at Home</i> <br />
<br />
Everyone knows there are advantages to playing at home. <span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: small;">You get to sleep in your own bed, eat your own food, and you don't have to pack a bag. <span style="font-size: small;">N</span>o airports, airplanes or bus rides. When you arrive at the gym
you're in familiar surroundings. You know the locker room, the gym, the
lighting and the floor. You know the space around the court and the
height of the ceiling. Friends and family watch and support you.
You're as comfortable as you can be before a match<span style="font-size: small;">.</span> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: small;">Life is good. . . . </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>The Home Advantage in Sports </i></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: small;">But wait, it gets even better. If there are advantages to playing at home there's also a home court advantage. </span></span>Depending on who you listen to home teams win 52% of all baseball games, 58% of football games and 66% of basketball games.<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[1]</span> Whatever the reasons (nobody seems to know why) home teams win more often than visitors<span style="font-size: xx-small;">[2]</span>. Could there be a home court advantage in volleyball too? Some researchers say yes. </span></span><br />
<br />
<i><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: small;">Home Advantage in Volleyball </span></span></i><br />
<br />
In the first research study of its kind researchers in Portugal examined whether there is a home court advantage in volleyball by analyzing 275 volleyball games played in the 2005 Men's Senior World League. They concluded that home teams in volleyball have a greater probability of winning across all sets and have a greater advantage at the beginning and end of a match. The study is published in the <i>Journal of Sports Science and Medicine</i>.<span style="font-size: xx-small;">[3]</span><br />
<br />
While there are many great benefits to playing and coaching at home, it's still not clear why home teams have more success. Across sports the research is ambiguous and unfortunately the current study sheds little more light on the subject. <br />
<br />
While stopping short of offering "causes," the
authors posit varied possible explanations for their findings including: (a) a perception of social
support for the home team reduces stress and promotes performance; (b)
home teams' greater familiarity with "situational variables" allow them
to outperform opponents who need more time in a match to adjust; and (c) support and
familiarity factors maximize home teams' advantages in the most critical
points in a match (the 1st and 5th sets), justifying a higher probability of
winning those sets. <br />
<br />
The precise reasons for the home advantage, and whether it extends beyond the men's senior world league in volleyball, awaits further exploration. Until then, players and coaches, enjoy those home matches and train to get better on the road.<br />
<br />
<br />
<u>NOTES</u><br />
<br />
[1] Albert, J., Bennett, J. (2003) <i> Curve ball: Baseball, statistics and the role of chance in the game</i>. New York: Copernicus Books.<br />
<br />
[2] For an interesting discussion of possible reasons I recommend Tobias Moskowitz and L. Jon Wertheim's new book, <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Scorecasting-Hidden-Influences-Behind-Sports/dp/0307591794/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1296431603&sr=1-1" target="_blank">Scorecasting: The Hidden Influences Behnd How Sports Are Played and Games Are Won</a>.<br />
<br />
[3] Marcelino, R., Mesquita, I., Palao, J., Sampaio, J. (2009). <i>Home advantage in high-level volleyball varies according to set number. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine</i>. 8, 352-356.Wayne D. Hollyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07073384046641234541noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7103692724965158855.post-90316608003294929222012-10-10T16:41:00.001-04:002012-10-15T20:44:52.630-04:00Of Cognitive Fallacies, Streaks and the "Hot Hand" in Volleyball<i>Human Frailty</i><br />
<br />
For many years psychologists have studied the human tendency to see patterns where none exist. We look for patterns in random data and we see patterns in random events. In studies of probability guessing where colors are <i>randomly</i> presented, but weighted to appear with different probabilities, humans guess the next color by trying to guess the pattern and rats just go with the color that appears most often in the series, and with that, humans allow themselves to be outperformed by rats.<span style="font-size: xx-small;">[1]</span><br />
<br />
We don't do so well analyzing situations involving chance. We do even worse when we feel uncertain or out of control. Randomness fools us because we don't recognize it. We like to make sense of the world by seeing patterns and assigning to every event a distinct and definite cause. So our thinking leads us to misinterpret all kinds of events around us and to make decisions that sometimes are less than optimal and other times are flat out wrong.<span style="font-size: xx-small;">[2]</span><br />
<br />
The world is full of "patterns of randomness" - streaks - that are routinely misinterpreted and then relied upon as if they portended a trend. In our oceans of data we struggle to interpret correctly and sometimes see meaning where none exists. Indeed, that's why most readers will see (or suspect) a pattern in this random sequence: <br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
OXXXOXXXOXXOOOXOOXXOO<span style="font-size: xx-small;">[3]</span></div>
<br />
We see patterns everywhere, but perhaps in no context do we do so more fervently than in sports. So let's look at our bias toward patterns as it manifests itself in the popular belief in the "hot hand."<br />
<br />
<i>The "Hot Hand"</i><br />
<br />
The "hot hand" in sports has been debated for years. Is a basketball player more likely to continue shooting well after making his first four shots? Will a volleyball player more likely get a kill after putting away the last three balls? Athletes, coaches and fans nearly universally accept that players running a streak of success are more likely to continue succeeding on subsequent attempts until they "cool off."<br />
<br />
But is this really true? Is there any such thing as a "hot hand" in sports or are we just seeing random streaks of success within a much larger performance range and body of work? Is each hit, goal and kill independent of the one before (as in flipping a coin) or does the streak of success drive further success? <br />
<br />
<i>Fallacy or Not? </i><br />
<br />
In the seminal study of the hot hand in sports, psychologist Thomas Gilovich and his colleagues looked at streak shooting in basketball.<span style="font-size: xx-small;">[4]</span> Extensive shot analysis revealed no evidence that a player's chance of hitting a shot was greater following a hit than following a miss. Indeed, Gilovich found that for nearly 90 percent of players studied, the probability of making a shot was actually slightly lower following a make than following a miss. Accordingly, it was concluded that belief in the "hot hand" was merely "an erroneous perception of a positive correlation between successive shots" - in other words, a cognitive fallacy.<br />
<br />
Research since then has by and large reached a similar conclusion, leading some experts to summarily state that empirical evidence of the existence of the hot hand in sports is "considerably limited."<span style="font-size: xx-small;">[5]</span> <br />
<br />
Though the hot hand may be a myth, research has spawned analysis of some interesting questions on the periphery. Researchers have questioned what impact opponent's defensive changes have on detection of the "hot hand." Others have examined whether belief in the hot hand, even if fallacious, can beneficially drive in-game allocation decisions and result in the optimal player getting the ball<span style="font-size: xx-small;">[6]</span>.<br />
<br />
<i>"Hot Hand" Revisited - Attacking Streaks in Volleyball </i><br />
<br />
In the last six months a group of German researchers re-visited the hot hand phenomenon to determine whether it exists in the sport of volleyball and whether belief in it drives players' and coaches' decisions to distribute the ball to particular players. The research is published in the <i>Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied</i><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[7]</span>.<br />
<br />
<i>Defining the Hot Hand </i><br />
<br />
When we speak of the "hot hand" we mean more than just a performance streak. Streaks in sports occur all of the time and have been shown in a variety of settings. We all know that baseball players can get three or four hits in a row and volleyball players can get three or four straight kills. A belief in the hot hand, however, refers to a belief that the streak portends a greater likelihood of success on each successive attempt. Thus researchers in the present study defined a hot hand as a "higher probability . . . to
score again after two or more [kills] compared with two or three [hitting errors]."<br />
<br />
What they found was rather interesting: the hot hand exists in volleyball; athletes and coaches overwhelmingly
believe in it; and both rely on it to make
allocation decisions<span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"> in the game.</span></span><br />
<br />
<i>Summary of Results</i><br />
<br />
To determine whether athletes believe in the hot hand in volleyball the authors asked 94 sports science students with athletic experience at the German Sport University Cologne to respond to a questionnaire on the subject. <span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;">Eighty-six of the ninety-four athletes (91%) reported believing in the hot hand in volleyball.</span></span> In other samples taken, 90% of 21 other athletes reported and 92% of coaches also reported believing in the hot hand.<br />
<br />
The authors next sought to determine whether that belief was founded. To determine whether a hot hand does in fact exist the researchers analyzed game performances of 26 male volleyball players from the top volleyball league in Germany. They found that half of the players experienced a hot hand phenomenon and half did not.<br />
<br />
Given that the hot hand appeared to exist for some players but not everyone, the authors examined how setters use their belief in the hot hand to distribute the ball. Setters in an experiment were sensitive to both a hot hand belief and overall hitting percentages, but the "hot hand" belief was the stronger cue in actual set distribution.<br />
<br />
Significantly, the researchers found that setters more often distributed the ball to players experiencing streaks of success <i>and this lead to better performance</i> than when setting the ball to the player with the higher average hitting percentage. The authors cautioned, however, that a distribution strategy that ignores hitting percentage would be less than optimal where the differences in hitting percentage between the "hot" and the "non-hot" player compensate for the advantage of setting the streak. <br />
<br />
The German authors are not the first to posit that optimal play may result from setting the player with the perceived "hot hand." A study published in 2001 by a psychologist at the University of Michigan showed that distributing the ball to the player perceived to be "hot" in basketball positively impacts the team regardless whether the hot hand phenomenon actually exists.<br />
<br />
The studies' author demonstrated that basketball players with higher shooting percentages experience more streaks of made shots, so when streak shooting produces a perception of "hotness," distributing the ball to the "hot hand" actually results in the best shooting player getting the ball more often<span style="font-size: xx-small;">[8]</span>.<br />
<br />
<i>Why Do We Care?</i><br />
<br />
So what does all this mean? As a volleyball coach I really don't know whether the "hot hand" phenomenon exists in volleyball or not. I do know that collectively I've played in, watched and coached thousands of volleyball games and sometimes players hit hot streaks and sometimes players hit cold streaks. What to do with that information - I'm still learning.<br />
<br />
But uncertainty should not shroud the more fundamental point of research on the subject - that people, coaches included, tend erroneously to detect patterns in random data and often make poorer judgments because of it. Recognition of this fact - of the frailty of our own thinking - should inform and improve the process by which we all make decisions.<br />
<br />
As coaches we make thousands of decisions every season. We
make personnel decisions, we decide tactics, strategies, and systems of
play. We choose whether, how and when to give feedback. We decide whether to run practice, how long it will be, and what its design will consist of. We even decide who will be on our teams and whether and how often they will play. Our thinking
and our choices permeate our programs and touch the lives of many, many
people. With research continuously showing our impact on the lives of other people we should care deeply about how we make decisions
and at least be aware of our own frailties. We owe it to our players and the profession to
constantly search for ways to improve. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><u>NOTES</u></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">[1] Mlodinow, L., (2009). <i>The drunkard's walk: How randomness rules our lives</i>. New York: Vintage Books. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">[2] For two excellent books on how we make decisions when faced with uncertainty I recommend Leonard Mlodinow's <u>The Drunkard's Walk: How Randomness Rules Our Lives</u> and Thomas Gilovich's <u>How We know What Isn't So: The Fallacy of Human Reasoning in Everyday Life.</u></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">[3] Gilovich, T. (1991). <i>How we know what isn’t so: The fallibility of human reason in everyday life</i>.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">New York: The Free Press.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">[4] Gilovich, T., Vallone, R., Tversky, A. (1985). The hot hand in basketball: On the misperception of random sequences. <i>Cognitive Psychology</i> 17: 295–314.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">[5] Bar-eli, M., Avugos, S., Raab, M., (2006). Twenty years of hot hand research: Review and critique. <i>Psychology of Sport and Exercise</i> 7(6): 525-553. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">[6] Burns, B. D. (2001). The hot hand in basketball: Fallacy or adaptive thinking? In J. D. Moore, & K. Stenning (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the Twenty-third Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society</i> (pp. 152-157). Hillsdale, NJ; Lawrence Erlbaum; Raab, M., Gula, B., Gigerenzer, G. (2012). The hot hand exists in volleyball and is used for allocation decisions. <i>Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied</i> 18(1): 81-94.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">[7] Raab, M., Gula, B., Gigerenzer, G. (2012). The hot hand exists in volleyball and is used for allocation decisions. <i>Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied</i> 18(1): 81-94 (available <a href="http://www.decisionsciencenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Raab.Gula_.Gigerenzer.2012.pdf" target="_blank">here</a>).</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">[8] Burns, B. D. (2001). The hot hand in basketball: Fallacy or adaptive thinking? In J. D. Moore, & K. Stenning (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the Twenty-third Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society</i> (pp. 152-157). Hillsdale, NJ.</span>Wayne D. Hollyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07073384046641234541noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7103692724965158855.post-63816392176422299382012-10-09T03:12:00.003-04:002012-10-28T22:33:02.784-04:00Visual Search Pattern Analysis Reveals Differences in How Experts and Novices See the Serve in Volleyball<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves>false</w:TrackMoves>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
In the sport of volleyball, service reception is best accomplished by
athletes capable of identifying and interpreting relevant visual cues from the
server and the ball and predicting where the ball will be served to and where
it will arrive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Indeed the essential key
to passing, like playing defense, is the ability to anticipate the future both efficiently
and correctly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<br />
Part of this process of anticipation involves athletes’ visual search
patterns -- their eye movements -- while performing a volleyball skill.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Recent research has shed some light on this
process, which helps explain one of the significant performance differences
between experienced and inexperienced volleyball players.<br />
<br />
In a study published in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">International
Journal of Applied Sports Sciences</i>, researchers examined the visual search
patterns of expert and novice volleyball players receiving serve and found that
the two groups not only focused on different cues during the act of serving but
also began tracking the ball at distinctly different times.[1]<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7103692724965158855" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7103692724965158855" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a>Experts focused more on the server’s arm and shoulder area than novices did[2]
and experts began tracking the flight of the serve significantly earlier than
their novice counterparts.[3]<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These
findings suggest an important evidence-based approach to coaching reading in
service reception.<br />
<br />
It was also revealed that experts were capable of predicting the arrival
point of the serve, resulting in their eyes coming off the ball immediately
prior to contact, [4] while novices were unable to predict the target point and
instead tried to maintain tracking all the way to contact with their platform
(see Fig 1 – reproduced from original work).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This conclusion may dispel a volleyball coaching myth that passers
should strive to track the ball directly into the platform.<br />
<br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fig. 1</b><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGe5ufsz1Ok68Wdnw-FWuHTLpy-tt-B85ek6r7Eug7DmwbT_qpLqLqA4J8DbXuo8gGXOdweF3k8YhxqOfdOQQ72GdPdxVDoD1XZrrmkbm82joRHfryc0JroquiHfNz5g8Q_BzAGWbBNJ9q/s1600/Figure+Total.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGe5ufsz1Ok68Wdnw-FWuHTLpy-tt-B85ek6r7Eug7DmwbT_qpLqLqA4J8DbXuo8gGXOdweF3k8YhxqOfdOQQ72GdPdxVDoD1XZrrmkbm82joRHfryc0JroquiHfNz5g8Q_BzAGWbBNJ9q/s320/Figure+Total.jpg" width="313" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7103692724965158855" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7103692724965158855" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "*HCI-Poppy\,BoldItalic-Identity-";">Figure 1. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "*HCI-Poppy\,Italic-Identity-H";">Frames from the
mobile eye tracker video, showing the receiver’s view between expert (E) and
novice (N) during the flight phase, and the direction foveal gaze as he watches
it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "*HCI-Poppy\,Italic-Identity-H";">(1 = serve impact; 2 = 2frame after impact; 3 =
4frame after impact; 4 = ball flight peak point; 5 = 0.18sec before serve
reception; 6 = 2frame before serve reception).</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<u>NOTES</u><br />
<br />
[1] Lee, S. (2010).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Does Your Eye
Keep on the Ball?: The Strategy of Eye Movement For Volleyball Defensive
Players During Spike Serve Reception.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Int’l J. Applied Sports Sciences</i>, 22(1)
128-137.<br />
<br />
[2] Location variables were the server’s shoulder, arm, head, and impact
point of the hand with the ball.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Experts
fixated in the server’s shoulder and arm area for 66.20% of total locations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Novices fixated on the same areas only 7.46%
of total locations.<br />
<br />
[3] Experts began tracking the ball within a mean of 0.14 seconds after the
server's contact with the ball. Novices had a mean tracking onset of 0.21
seconds – a rate nearly 33% slower than the expert.<br />
<br />
[4] For experts, the time between the last eye fixation on the ball and
actual reception was less than 0.18 seconds. Wayne D. Hollyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07073384046641234541noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7103692724965158855.post-57755979030227747872012-10-05T16:37:00.001-04:002012-10-29T23:46:00.625-04:00How to Build Confidence in Your Volleyball AthletesConfidence is king. That's right, KING. I've never heard anyone say confidence is queen. That got me thinking about confidence in female athletes and in particular, how we can get better at building self-confidence in girl's and women's volleyball.<br />
<br />
Being in a gym on a daily basis I am amazed how often successful, skilled, hard-working, well-educated, healthy, young women in the sport of volleyball lack self-confidence. We coaches need to get better at building confidence in our players. It's not that we don't try, but sometimes the methods most familiar and comfortable to us are woefully inadequate to the task.<br />
<br />
How many times have we heard coaches implore their players to play with confidence? It's well-intentioned but completely ineffective advice. Telling someone to be confident is like advising the hungry to feel full. Building confidence is also not a matter of being a cheerleader or puffing up players with constant praise and pats on the back. Intelligent young woman are too smart for that. Besides, the best available research on the subject indicates it's counterproductive.<span style="font-size: xx-small;">[1]</span> <br />
<br />
So how do we begin moving our players toward a more confident state of mind? It takes a consistent, creative, daily effort that begins with including in our practices successful moments for the players and by delivering effective feedback.<br />
<br />
<br />
<i>Put Athletes in Successful Situations </i><br />
<br />
We all know that practice is about training our weaknesses, and that can be very stressful, but sometimes we just have to put our athletes in successful situations and let them do what they do best. Success builds confidence.<br />
<br />
For example, allow your blockers to block some balls. Blocker don't always get a lot of positive reinforcement. Sure, <i>we</i> know that blockers can do their job effectively without actually blocking the ball but there's nothing like the <i>feeling</i> of actually blocking a ball to build a little confidence and provide some motivation as well. This can be done in a coverage drill, a blocking drill or both. Be creative and let your blockers block some balls.<br />
<br />
There are hundreds of other examples It's up to you. <br />
<br />
<i>Teaching is Not Always Correcting</i><br />
<br />
Let your positive feedback substantially outweigh your corrective feedback. Too many female players cringe when they hear a coach say their name because they assume we're going to correct something they did "wrong." If a player's first reaction when you say her name is quickly
to explain herself or, worse yet, apologize then you need to build her confidence by recognizing all the correct things she does; and be specific with the behavior being complimented. There's volumes of research on percentages and ratios for giving positive and corrective feedback. The takeaway? We need to develop young women who aren't surprised when we stop the action to give credit rather than correction.<br />
<br />
Playing with confidence is something that is instilled over time by successful, creative coaching, not something players will do if we "remind" them. Let's stop telling and start teaching. <br />
<br />
<br />
<u>NOTES</u><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">[1] See Carol Dweck, <u>Mindset: The New Psychology of Success</u> (Random House 2006); see also Po Bronson, <i>How Not To Talk To Your Kids: The Inverse Power of Praise</i>, <u>New York Magazine</u>, Feb. 19, 2007 available online at http://nymag.com/news/features/27840/ </span> Wayne D. Hollyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07073384046641234541noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7103692724965158855.post-15578966220297414882012-10-03T15:21:00.002-04:002012-10-05T10:18:44.618-04:00Can Exercising After Practice Improve Retention of Volleyball Skills?If you're like most coaches you may have wondered at one time or another why your athletes perform one way in practice but differently in competition. The answer may be found in your practice design. To best train players for
competition, coaches must create practice environments that promote long term retention and transfer. What does this mean? It means skills learned in practice must be retained beyond the training session and must be taught in such a way that the motor programs developed in practice transfer to competition.<br />
<br />
<i>Retention and Transfer of Motor Skills</i><br />
<br />
To help coaches do this, motor learning science has identified several prominent features of effective practice design. Practices should train whole
skills, under randomized conditions, with effective feedback, in a game-like environment that re-creates the moods and emotions of competition. Coaches who follow these "laws of learning" enable their athletes to develop in practice the "relatively permanent improvements in the execution of skilled motor behaviors."[1] that are essential to improved performance in competition.<i> </i><br />
<br />
<i>Does Exercise Promote Retention of New Skills?</i><br />
<br />
Want more good news? New research out of the University of Copenhagen now suggests another potential element for promoting long term retention and learning. Researchers in the Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology examined the impact of exercise both on the rate of acquisition and retention of new skills and found that participants who exercised after practice retained more of what they learned when later tested for proficiency.[2]<br />
<br />
<i>Study Methods</i><br />
<br />
Participants were asked to engage in 15 minutes of intense cycling either before or after practicing an accuracy tracking task. The task required right-handed men to use a joy stick to trace a white line over a red squiggling line appearing on a monitor in front of them. Researchers wanted to explore whether the exercise or its timing in relation to practice effected the acquisition or retention of the practiced skill. Acquisition was measured during practice and retention was measured 1 hour, 24 hours and 7 days after practice. <br />
<br />
<i>Study Results</i><br />
<br />
Regardless of timing, the cycling exercise did not significantly effect the rate of motor skill acquisition or short term (1 day) retention. However, both exercise groups showed significant retention when measured 24 hours and 7 days after practice; and compared to participants who exercised before practice, participants who exercised after practice showed even greater retention when measured 7 days after practice.<br />
<br />
According to researchers, these findings "indicate that one bout of intense exercise performed immediately before or after practicing a motor task is sufficient to improve the long-term retention of a motor skill. The positive effects of acute exercise on motor memory are maximized when exercise is performed immediately after practice, during the early stages of memory consolidation."<br />
<br />
<i>Application to Volleyball Coaches</i><br />
<br />
So what does cycling and tracking a red line have to do with coaching volleyball players? Maybe nothing - human understanding of motor learning continues to develop. In the meantime, this research may suggest to coaches that a short intense bout of exercise inserted at the end of their practices may enhance the long-term learning of what is taught in practice.<br />
<br />
<u>NOTES</u><br />
<br />
[1] Bain, S., McGown, C., <u>Motor Learning Principles and the Superiority of Whole Training in Volleyball</u>. Available <a href="http://www.virtualonlinepubs.com/display_article.php?id=556740" target="_blank">here</a>.<br />
[2] The study, <u>A Single Bout of Exercise Improves Motor Memory</u>, is available <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3433433/pdf/pone.0044594.pdf" target="_blank">here</a>. Wayne D. Hollyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07073384046641234541noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7103692724965158855.post-25548552779814620022012-09-28T15:23:00.000-04:002012-10-29T23:47:13.427-04:00Video Feedback and Expert Modeling Can Promote Skill Development<br />
Feedback is a critical element of skill acquisition. When we think of feedback we usually think of a coach giving an athlete information about her performance or perhaps the athlete receiving information directly from her own eyes, such as seeing the ball hit the floor after an attack. Whether extrinsic or intrinsic, feedback provides athletes with information that can guide future performances. Feedback can help athletes link cause and effect (e.g., hitting the right side of the ball causes it to move left) and provide motivation to continue training as well. Without effective feedback, practice loses much of its purpose.<br />
<br />
An increasingly popular form of feedback is video replay. Video replay gives athletes a unique perspective on their performance unavailable through other means - the ability to see themselves in action (and at different speeds). According to research, video replay combined with expert video modeling can promote skill acquisition and retention. This research may support the use by coaches of video replay systems (such is TiVO) in the practice gym to assist athletes' skill development. <br />
<br />
In a study conducted at the University of South Florida a researcher examined the effects of combining expert video modeling and video feedback on the development of athletic skills used in gymnastics routines. "Video feedback" involves showing a recorded video clip of an athlete performing a particular skill (or part of it) to that athlete while "video modeling" shows the athlete a video of an expert performing the skill.<br />
<br />
Participants were four 7-10 year old competitive gymnasts. Each gymnast performed a specific skill and then viewed a video of an expert gymnast performing the same skill. The gymnast then viewed a replay of her own performance followed by a slow motion with freeze frame comparison of her performance with that of the expert model. Lastly, the gymnast viewed the expert video clip again, followed by her own performance of the skill.<br />
<br />
The results showed that the gymnasts’ skills increased following exposure to video feedback and modeling when combined with normal practice sessions. It was also noted that "improvements were largely maintained during follow-up assessments," indicating successful skill retention as well.<br />
<br />
Link to Study: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1145&context=etd<br />
<br />
Title: Expert video modeling with video feedback to enhance gymnastics skills.Wayne D. Hollyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07073384046641234541noreply@blogger.com1